Handbook of Abductive Cognition

ISBN-13: 9783031101342 / Angielski

Lorenzo Magnani

Opis

This Handbook offers the first comprehensive reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of abductive cognition, providing readers with extensive information on the process of reasoning to hypotheses in humans, animals, and in computational machines. It highlights the role of abduction in both theory practice: in generating and testing hypotheses and explanatory functions for various purposes and as an educational device. It merges logical, cognitive, epistemological and philosophical perspectives with more practical needs relating to the application of abduction across various disciplines and practices, such as in diagnosis, creative reasoning, scientific discovery, diagrammatic and ignorance-based cognition, and adversarial strategies. It also discusses the inferential role of models in hypothetical reasoning, abduction and creativity, including the process of development, implementation and manipulation for different scientific and technological purposes. Written by a group of internationally renowned experts in philosophy, logic, general epistemology, mathematics, cognitive, and computer science, as well as life sciences, engineering, architecture, and economics, the Handbook of Abductive Cognition offers a unique reference guide for readers approaching the process of reasoning to hypotheses from different perspectives and for various theoretical and practical purposes. Numerous diagrams, schemes and other visual representations are included to promote a better understanding of the relevant concepts and to make concepts highly accessible to an audience of scholars and students with different scientific backgrounds.

Spis treści

Philosophy and Abduction.- Theoretical and Cognitive Issues on Abduction and Scientific Inference.- The Logic of Hypothetical Reasoning, Abduction, and Models.- Abduction and Diagnosis.- Abduction in Mathematics.- Diagrams, Visual models, and Abduction.- Abduction in Cognitive Science and Neuroscience.- Abduction and Computation.- Abduction and Economics.- Abduction in Education and Human Sciences.- Abduction, Ignorance, and Creativity.- Abduction and Technological Design.- Adversarial Abduction (or Abduction and Adversariality).

O autorze

Lorenzo Magnani, philosopher, epistemologist, and cognitive scientist, is a professor of Philosophy of Science at the University of Pavia, Italy, and the director of its Computational Philosophy Laboratory. His primary research interests are in the area of philosophy of science, logic, and artificial intelligence. A major objective of his research has been to create a working synthesis between epistemological/historical perspectives and investigations of representations and reasoning practices carried out in the sciences of cognition. He devoted various studies in the fields of philosophy of science, logic, and cognitive science, also making specific and deep research on abductive cognition (with four monographs), science, technology, and human values, philosophy of computing, critical thinking, non-standard logics, philosophy of medicine, history and philosophy of geometry, violence, morality, and religion. His historical research centered on 19th and 20th-century geometry and philosophy of geometry. His previous positions have included: visiting researcher (Carnegie Mellon University, 1992; McGill University, 1992–93; University of Waterloo, 1993; and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998–99) and visiting professor (visiting professor of Philosophy of Science and Theories of Ethics at Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999–2003; Weissman Distinguished Visiting Professor of Special Studies in Philosophy: Philosophy of Science at Baruch College, City University of New York, 2003). Visiting professor at the Sun Yat-sen University, Canton (Guangzhou), China from 2006 to 2012, in the event of the 50th anniversary of the re-building of the Philosophy Department of Sun Yat-sen University in 2010, an award was given to him to acknowledge his contributions to the areas of philosophy, philosophy of science, logic, and cognitive science. A Doctor Honoris Causa degree was awarded to Lorenzo Magnani by the Senate of the Ştefan cel Mare University, Suceava, Romania. In 2015 Lorenzo Magnani has been appointed a member of the International Academy for the Philosophy of the Sciences (AIPS). He currently directs international research programs in the EU, USA, and China. Author of several books and articles: Non-Euclidean Geometries (in Italian, 1978); Applied Epistemology (in Italian, 1991); Introduction to Computational Philosophy (1997); Textbook of Logic: Classical Logic and Logic of Common Sense (with R. Gennari) (in Italian, 1997, reprinted in 2022), Philosophy and Geometry. Theoretical and Historical Issues (2001) his book Abduction, Reason, and Science (New York, 2001) (Chinese edition: Translated by Dachao Li and Yuan Ren, Guangdong People’s Publishing House, Guangzhou, 2006 [意] 洛伦佐·玛格纳尼 / 著；李大超，任远 / 译，《溯因、理由与科学——发现和解释的过程》，中国广州：广东人民出版社2006年)   has become a well-respected work in the field of human cognition. The book Morality in a Technological World (Cambridge, 2007) develops a philosophical and cognitive theory of the relationships between ethics and technology from a naturalistic perspective. The book describes how modern technology has brought about consequences of such magnitude that old policies and ethics can no longer contain them.  The book Abductive Cognition. The Epistemological and Eco-Cognitive Dimensions of Hypothetical Reasoning aims at increasing knowledge about creative and expert inferences. The study of these high-level methods of abductive cognition is situated at the crossroads of philosophy, logic, epistemology, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, cognitive psychology, animal cognition, and evolutionary theories; that is, at the heart of cognitive science. The monograph Understanding Violence. The Intertwining of Morality, Religion, and Violence: A Philosophical Stance has been published by Springer, in 2009 and 2011. A new monograph has been published by Springer in 2017, The Abductive Structure of Scientific Creativity. An Essay on the Ecology of Cognition. The recent book Eco-Cognitive Computationalism. Cognitive Domestication of Ignorant Entities, published by Springer, offers an entirely new dynamic perspective on the nature of computation. The last book Discoverability. The Urgent Need of an Ecology of Human Creativity, published by Springer in 2022, shows that discoverability is closely related to the sustainability of human creativity from an “eco-cognitive” perspective. He wrote 18 monographs, edited books in Chinese, 18 special issues of international academic journals, and 19 collective books, some of them deriving from international conferences. Editor-in-chief (with T. Bertolotti) of the Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science, 2017 and Editor-in-chief of the present Handbook of Abductive Cognition, Springer, 2023. Since 1998, initially in collaboration with Nancy J. Nersessian and Paul Thagard, he created and promoted the MBR Conferences on Model-Based Reasoning, which in 2023 is in its ninth edition. Since 2011 he is the editor of the Book Series Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics (SAPERE), Springer, Heidelberg/Berlin.