HIV and the Brain: New Challenges in the Modern Era

ISBN-13: 9781934115084 / Angielski / Twarda / 2009 / 350 str.

Robert Paul

Opis

It is now more than a quarter century since the appearance of the f irst reported cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although successful tre- ments with highly active antiretroviral therapies have made a major impact on survival, there still remains no vaccine for prevention and the available therapies do not cure the disease. As a result, AIDS has been transformed into a chronic, lifelong disease which requires continuous antiretro viral drug treatment together with ongoing treatment of the associated systemic medical complications. It appears that as survival improves, the prevalence of chronic central nervous system involvement may be increasing. As pointed out by the editors of this volume, this shift in emphasis requires further examination of how AIDS affects the brain in terms of cogniti ve function, neuropsychiatric manifestations, activities of daily living, and quality of life. They also go on to ask the interesting question of how AIDS involvement of the brain interacts with normal aging. In HIV and the Brain, Drs. Paul, Sacktor, Valcour, and Tashima have assembled an impressive international team of experts to summarize the current state of kno- edge concerning brain function in AIDS. Early chapters re view epidemiology, pathophysiology, neuropathology, neuroimaging, and HIV genetics follo wed by a series of chapters concerning the neuropsychological, behavioral, and neuropsyc- atric aspects of the disease.

Recenzje

From the reviews:

"This book describes the impact of the AIDS virus on the brain and its relationship to the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the mid-nineties. ... intended for scientists researching AIDS and its impact on the brain, as well as for clinical care providers. ... useful to those in the field of geriatrics involved with patients with AIDS and accompanying neurological deficits. Clinical care providers and clinical researchers will find the book informative ... for treating patients with HIV in the modern era." (Joseph I. Sirven, Doody's Review Service, July, 2009)

"HIV and the Brain: New Challenges in the Modern Era is ... for the broader medical community ... . It provides relevant new information and highlights important factors to consider when one is dealing with individuals who have HIV/AIDS in the post-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. ... HIV and the Brain discusses guidelines for proper assessment, including the increasing need for a comprehensive neuropsychological battery ... for specific and/or subtle cognitive deficits to manifest rather than global impairment." (Charles Golden and Christine Corsun-Ascher, PsycCRITIQUES, December, 2009)

"The primary audience is intended to be clinicians ... hope that the book will also be useful to basic and clinical researchers. ... significant interest to clinicians ... . provides a wide range of information that is important to clinicians and researchers alike. Written by expert international authors, it represents a major contribution to HIV medicine and should be an essential part of the reference collection of all HIV care providers as well as scientists working on the neurological complications of HIV infection." (Zelalem Temesgen, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol. 49, November, 2009)

"This book will definitely appeal to its target audience of clinicians and both basic and clinical researchers ... . In summary, this book is excellent-it is well-organized, easy to read, and interesting. ... Clinicians from a wide variety of disciplines and researchers will certainly benefit from and enjoy having this book in their personal library. While neuroradiologists will also enjoy reading this book and will definitely value its content ... ." (American Journal of Neuroradiology, November, 2009)

Spis treści

Chapter 1 Neurocognitive changes in HIV: Evolution of Treatment of HIV Infection. Erna Milunka Kojic, M.D. Charles Carpenter, M.D. Chapter 2 Global incidence and epidemiology of the AIDS pandemic, distribution of HIV subtypes and epidemiology of Hepatitis C infection among HIV positive individuals. Karen T. Tashima, M.D., Aadia Rana, M.D. Chapter 3 New Insights into HIV Neuropathogenesis. Tory P. Johnson, M.S., Avindra Nath, M.D. Chapter 4 Neuropathological findings associated with long term HAART treatment. Ian. C. Anthony, Ph.D., Jeanne E. Bell, M.D. Chapter 5 Biomarkers of HIV related Central Nervous System Disease. Bruce James Brew MBBS MD FRACP, Scott L. Letendre MD Chapter 6 Neuroimaging Among HIV Infected Patients: Current Knowledge and Future Directions David F. Tate, Ph.D., Jared Conley, B.S., Dominik Meier, Ph.D., Bradford Navia, M.D., Ph.D., Ronald Cohen, Ph.D., Charles R.G. Guttmann, M.D. Chapter 7 The assessment of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: New challenges in the HAART era Chronic neuro-AIDS, long-term cognitive assessment, and new risk factors Lucette A. Cysique, Ph.D., Bruce J. Brew MBBS MD FRACP Chapter 8 The changing face of HIV-associated cognitive and neuropsychiatric disturbance. Ron Cohen, Ph.D. Chapter 9 Youth with HIV/AIDS: Neurobehavioral Consequences Susannah Allison, Ph.D., Pamela L. Wolters, Ph.D., Pim Brouwers, Ph.D. Chapter 10 Co-occurrence of HIV, Hepatitis C, and Substance Use Disorders: Effects on Brain Functioning. Raul Gonzalez, Ph.D., Phillip J. Quartana, Ph.D., Eileen M. Martin, Ph.D. Chapter 11 The Functional Impact of HIV-associated Neuropsychological Decline Matthew J. Wright, Ph.D., Ellen Woo, Ph.D., Terry R. Barclay, Ph.D., & Charles H. Hinkin, Ph.D. Chapter 12 Adjunctive therapy for long-term support of cognitive impairment Joshua T. Dearborn, M.A., Susan E. Maloney, M. A., Nicole Hicklin, M.A. Elizabeth M. Lane, B.A., Robert Paul, Ph.D. Chapter 13 HIV-1 Genetic diversity and its biological significance. Michael M. Thomson, M.D., Ph.D. Chapter 14 Opportunistic infections in the brain in developing countries Marcus Tulius T Silva, M.D., M.Sc., Ph.D., Beatriz Grinsztejn, M.D., M.Sc., Ph.D. Chapter 15 Impact of clade diversity on neuropsychological outcomes Robert Paul, Ph.D., Ned Sacktor, M.D., Lucette Cysique, Ph.D., Bruce Brew, M.D., Victor Valcour, M.D. Chapter 16 The effects of aging on HIV disease Robert C. Kalayjian, M.D., Lena Al-Harthi, Ph.D. Chapter 17 Neuropsychology of Healthy Aging Molly E. Zimmerman, Ph.D., Adam M. Brickman, Ph.D. Chapter 18 Interactions between Advanced Age and HIV Cognitive Impairment Victor Valcour, M.D., Aaron McMurtray , M.D.

Blurb

Within the last decade there have been a number of new and important areas of emphasis in HIV care and research, particularly in the context of brain involvement. Without question, clinical and research innovations in the modern era of the HIV pandemic warrant an update on HIV and the brain. Written by a panel of leading experts, HIV and the Brain: New Challenges in the Modern Era offers a clear picture of brain impairment associated with the virus with particular focus on three emerging areas including different genetic strains of the virus throughout the world, interactions between advanced age and HIV, and the impact of HIV on the brain in the context of chronic, long-term treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HIV and the Brain: New Challenges in the Modern Era provides a comprehensive review of both basic science and clinical implications in these important areas of the disease. The text is of particular relevance to both research scientists and clinicians involved in HIV in the modern era.