Group Theory and Quantum Mechanics

ISBN-13: 9783642658624 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 211 str.

Bartel L. van der Waerden

Opis

The German edition of this book appeared in 1932 under the title "Die gruppentheoretische Methode in der Quantenmechanik." Its aim was, to explain the fundamental notions of the Theory of Groups and their Representations, and the application of this theory to the Quantum Mechanics of Atoms and Molecules. The book was mainly written for the benefit of physicists who were supposed to be familiar with Quantum Mechanics. However, it turned out that it was also used by. mathematicians who wanted to learn Quantum Mechanics from it. Naturally, the physical parts were too difficult for mathematicians, whereas the mathematical parts were sometimes too difficult for physicists. The German language created an additional difficulty for many readers. In order to make the book more readable for physicists and mathe maticians alike, I have rewritten the whole volume. The changes are most notable in Chapters 1 and 6. In Chapter t, I have tried to give a mathematically rigorous exposition of the principles of Quantum Mechanics. This was possible because recent investigations in the theory of self-adjoint linear operators have made the mathematical foundation of Quantum Mechanics much clearer than it was in t 932. Chapter 6, on Molecule Spectra, was too much condensed in the German edition. I hope it is now easier to understand. In Chapter 2-5 too, numerous changes were made in order to make the book more readable and more useful."

Spis treści

1. Fundamental Notions of Quantum Mechanics.- § 1. Wave Functions.- § 2. Hilbert Spaces.- § 3. Linear Operators.- § 4. Hypermaximal Operators.- § 5. Separation of Variables.- § 6. One Electron in a Central Field.- § 7. Perturbation Theory.- § 8. Angular Momentum and Infinitesimal Rotations.- 2. Groups and Their Representations.- § 9. Linear Transformations.- § 10. Groups.- § 11. Equivalence and Reducibility of Representations.- § 12. Representations of Abelian Groups. Examples.- § 13. Uniqueness Theorems.- § 14. Kronecker’s Product Transformation.- § 15. The Operators Commuting with all Operators of a Given Representation.- § 16. Representations of Finite Groups.- § 17. Group Characters.- 3. Translations, Rotations and Lorentz Transformations.- § 18. Lie Groups and their Infinitesimal Transformations.- A. Lie Groups.- B. One-dimensional Lie Groups and Semi-Groups.- C. Causality and Translations in Time.- D. The Lie Algebra of a Lie Group.- E. Representations of Lie Groups.- § 19. The Unitary Groups SU(2) and the Rotation Group O3.- § 20. Representations of the Rotation Group O3.- § 21. Examples and Applications.- A. The Product Representation ?j × ?j’.- B. The Clebsch-Gordan Series.- C. Applications of (21.1).- D. The Reflection Character.- § 22. Selection and Intensity Rules.- § 23. The Representations of the Lorentz Group.- A. The Group SL(2) and the Restricted Lorentz Group.- B. Infinitesimal Transformations.- C. The Relation between World Vectors and Spinors.- IV. The Spinning Electron.- § 24. The Spin.- § 25. The Wave Function of the Spinning Electron.- A. Pauli’s Pair of Functions (?1, ?2).- B. Transformation of the Pair (?1, ?2).- C. Infinitesimal Rotations.- D. The Angular Momenta.- E. The Doublet Splitting of the Alkali Terms.- G. The Inversion s.- § 26. Dirac’s Wave Equation.- § 27. Two-Component Spinors.- A. Dirac’s Equation Rewritten.- B. Weyl’s Equation.- § 28. The Several Electron Problem. Multiplet Structure. Zeeman Effect.- V. The Group of Permutations and the Exclusion Principle.- § 29. The Resonance of Equal Particles.- § 30. The Exclusion Principle and the Periodical System.- § 31. The Eigenfunctions of the Atom.- § 32. The Calculation of the Energy Values.- § 33. Pure Spin Functions and their Transformation under Rotations and Permutations.- § 34. Representations of the Symmetric Group Sn.- VI. Molecule Spectra.- § 35. The Quantum Numbers of the Molecule.- § 36. The Rotation Levels.- § 37. The Case of Two Equal Nuclei.- Author and Subject Index.

O autorze

Bartel van der Waerden, geb. am 2.2.1903 in Amsterdam, ging 1924 ging als Student nach Göttingen und wurde dort mit Emmy Noether und der abstrakten Algebra bekannt. Sein Hauptinteresse galt damals vor allem der Begründung der algebraischen Geometrie mit Hilfe der neuen algebraischen Methoden. Als er im Jahre 1926 als junger Doktor mit einem Rockefeller-Stipendium nach Hamburg kam, hatte er Gelegenheit, eine didaktisch hervorragende Algebra-Vorlesung von Emil Artin zu hören. Die Ausarbeitung, die er von dieser Vorlesung machte, wurde zum Kern des vorliegenden Werkes. Es erschien zuerst 1930-31 unter dem Titel 'Moderne Algebra' in der Sammlung 'Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften'. In der Folge wurde das Werk in die englische, russische und chinesische Sprache übersetzt. Im Jahre 1928 wurde der Autor Professor an der Universität Groningen. Seit 1951 lebte und arbeitete er bis zu seiner Emeritierung in Zürich als Professor an der dortigen Universität.