Group B Coxsackieviruses

ISBN-13: 9783642094767 / Angielski / Miękka / 2010 / 340 str.

Steven Tracy; M. Steven Oberste; Kristen M. Drescher

Opis

The group B coxsackieviruses have a long and colorful history, dating to the early days of virology as we now know it. In the late 1940s, ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy were new, high-tech tools and suckling mice were suppla- ing monkeys as the virus isolation vessel of choice. Viruses were, often as not, still referred to as "filterable agents. " The rampage of paralytic poliomyelitis epid- ics in the previous 20 or so years had spurred national investment in infectious disease research, resulting in an unprecedented period of virus discovery, eclipsed only a few years later once cell culture became the preferred method to isolate and identify mammalian viruses. The coxsackieviruses were isolated from feces of patients with paralytic poliomyelitis and nonparalytic poliomyelitis (aseptic meningitis), causing disease in suckling mice, but not in adult mice or monkeys. They were considered to be related to the polioviruses on the basis of their physical properties, such as virion size, acid and ether resistance, and temperature stability in 50% glycerol, and were classified into groups A and B by the nature of the disease induced in mice: flaccid paralysis by group A viruses and spastic paralysis by those of group B. Our knowledge of the group B coxsackieviruses has progressed dramatically in the past 60 years.

Spis treści

Section 1: CVB Genetics.- Coxsackieviruses and quasispecies theory: evolution of enteroviruses.- Comparative genomics of the coxsackie B viruses and related enteroviruses.- Group B coxsackievirus virulence.- Section 2: CVB Entry and Replication.- The coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR).- Coxsackievirus B RNA replication: Lessons from poliovirus.- CVB translation: Lessons from the polioviruses.- Preferential coxsackievirus replication in proliferating/activated cells: implications for virus tropism, persistence, and pathogenesis.- Section 3 Host-Virus Interaction.- The impact of CVB3 infection on host cell biology.- Host immune responses to coxsackievirus B3.- Pediatric group B coxsackievirus infections.- Pancreas.- CVB-induced pancreatitis and alterations in gene expression.- The CVB and etiology of type 1 diabetes.- Heart.- Persistent coxsackievirus infection: Enterovirus persistence in chronic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy.- Autoimmunity in coxsackievirus infection.- CVB infection and mechanisms of viral cardiomyopathy.- Subject index.

Blurb

This monograph reviews information published since 1997 on the group B coxsackieviruses (CVB), a large and important group of human enteroviruses. The CVB were discovered in the mid-20th century, during the search for other poliovirus types, and within a very few years of this discovery, the CVB had been implicated as causes of human myocarditis and pancreatitis. The study of the CVB is still inextricably linked with the fate of their well-known relatives, the polioviruses, for as poliovirus eradication proceeds around the world, the CVB emerge more prominently as the enteroviruses best suited for continuing studies in enteroviral molecular biology as well as understanding the mechanisms underlying enteroviral pathogenesis. This volume reviews and presents modern views on the spectrum of CVB biologies, from interaction of the virus with its receptor through replication, speciation, and induction of disease.