Grapevine Yellows Diseases and Their Phytoplasma Agents: Biology and Detection

ISBN-13: 9783319506470 / Angielski / Miękka / 2017 / 99 str.

Marina Dermastia; Nata a. Mehle; Fiona Constable

Opis

This work is to compile our current knowledge on GY phytoplasma biology at the genomic, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics level, as well as to summarize the approaches for their detection.Phytoplasma are the most poorly characterized plant pathogenic bacteria from the Mollicutes class.

Spis treści

Phytoplasmas – dangerous and intriguing bacteria

Abstract

History and biology

Taxonomy and detection methods

Management of phytoplasmas and insect vectors

Worldwide distribution and identification of    grapevine yellows diseases

Abstract

Introduction

Grapevine yellows phytoplasmas in Europe

16SrV phytoplasmas: “Flavescence dorée” and “Palatinate GY”

“Bois noir”

Aster yellows phytoplasmas in Europe

Minor phytoplasmas reported in Europe and Eurasia

Grapevine yellows phytoplasmas in America

Grapevine yellows phytoplasmas in USA

Grapevine yellows phytoplasmas in Canada

Grapevine yellows phytoplasmas in South America

Grapevine yellows phytoplasmas in Africa

Ggrapevine yellows phytoplasmas in Australia

Interactions between grapevines and grapevine yellows phytoplasmas BNp and FDp

Abstract

Introduction <

How phytoplasmas interact with their hosts, based on analysis of their genomes

Pre-symptomatic grapevine responses to grapevine yellows phytoplasma infection

Ultrastructure of phloem infected with grapevine yellows phytoplasmas

Infection of grapevine with grapevine yellows phytoplasmas affects photosynthesis

Grapevine yellows phytoplasma infection is associated with prominent changes in carbohydrate metabolism

Grapevine yellows phytoplasma infection affects the plant-energy-associated network

Changed concentrations of amino acids in infected vein-enriched grapevine samples

Changes in the flavonoid pathway in grapevineyellows phytoplasma infected grapevines

Induced salicylic-acid-dependent systemic acquired resistance in grapevines infected with grapevine yellows phytoplasmas

The recovery and oxidative-stress phenomena Detection of phytoplasmas associated to grapevine yellows diseases in research and diagnostics

Abstract

Introduction

Biological tests

Transmission of grapevine yellows phytoplasmas to Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)

Heterologous grafting

A case study: Identification of Orientus ishidae as a possible vector of FDp

Microscopy techniques

Immunological approaches

Molecular approaches

Extraction of DNA

Dot-blot hybridisation

Techniques based on polymerase chain reaction

Real-time PCR for grapevine yellows phytoplasma  detection and quantification

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification

Gene sequencing

Step-by-step routine detection of grapevine yellows phytoplasmas

Sampling and sample handling

Validation of diagnostic methods

Analytical sensitivity

Analytical specificity

Repeatability and reproducibility

Measures to reduce uncertainties of the diagnostic methods

Index

O autorze

Prof. Marina Dermastia, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Dr. Nataša Mehle, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljiana, Slovenia

Fiona Constable Ph.D., Biosciences Research Division, Bundoora, Australia

Prof. Assunta Bertaccini, University of Bologna, Plant Pathalogy, Bologna, Italy

Blurb

This work is to compile our current knowledge on GY phytoplasma biology at the genomic, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics level, as well as to summarize the approaches for their detection.Phytoplasma are the most poorly characterized plant pathogenic bacteria from the Mollicutes class. In recent years new biostatistics and bioinformatics approaches have improved our understanding of their biology and interactions with host grapevines and a great improvement has been made toward their molecular detection, both in laboratories and on-site. They have a broad range of plant hosts among the monocots and dicots, and diseases of many important crops are associated with these pathogens. At least ten taxonomically unrelated phytoplasmas, one of them a quarantine pest in Europe, have been associated with grapevine yellows diseases (GY), which have great economic impact on viticulture worldwide.