Gradient Modelling: Resource and Fire Management

ISBN-13: 9781461261780 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 432 str.

S. R. Kessell; S. R. Kessell

Opis

This series is dedicated to serving the growing community of scholars and practitioners concerned with the principles and applications of environmen- tal management. Each volume will be a thorough treatment of a specific topic of importance for proper management practices. A fundamental objective ofthese books is to help the reader discern and implement man's stewardship of our environment and the world's renewable resources. For we must strive to understand the relationship between man and nature, act to bring harmony to it and nurture an environment that is both stable and productive. These objectives have often eluded us because the pursuit of other indi- vidual and societal goals has diverted us from a course of living in balance with the environment. At times, therefore, the environmental manager may have to exert restrictive control, which is usually best applied to man, not nature. Attempts to alter or harness nature have often failed or backfired, as exemplified by the results of imprudent use of herbicides, fertilizers, water and other agents. Each book in this series will shed light on the fundamental and applied aspects of environmental management. It is hoped that each will help solve a practical and serious environmental problem.

Spis treści

I. Resource Management Information Systems.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Needs of Resource Management and Land Management Planning.- 3. Review of Some Methods, Information Systems, and Models.- Modeling and Simulation.- Community Stratification and Abstraction.- Storage and Retrieval of Vegetation Information.- Sources of Vegetation Information.- Accuracy and Resolution.- Fuel and Fire Modeling.- Animal Habitat Modeling.- Succession Modeling.- Simulation as a Managerial Tool.- Integrated Systems.- II. The Glacier National Park Study.- 4. Introduction to Glacier National Park.- Ecology.- Geology, Geomorphology, and Climate.- 5. Overview of Glacier’s Terrestrial Communities.- Factors Important in Terrestrial Community Development.- The Special Role of Fire.- 6. Field Methodology.- Vegetation Sampling.- Fuel Sampling.- Shrub Dimension Analysis.- Fuel Moisture and Microclimate Study.- False-Color Infrared Aerial Photography.- Fire Behavior Monitoring.- 7. Analytical Methodology.- Vegetation and Fuels Data Tabulation.- Gradient Analysis.- 8. The Gradient Model.- Elevation Gradient.- Time Since Burn Gradient.- Topographic-Moisture Gradient.- Drainage Area (Lake Influence) Gradient.- Primary Succession Gradient.- Alpine Wind-Snow Exposure Gradient.- Categories of Disturbance and Variation.- 9. Forest Communities.- Distribution of Tree Species.- Distribution of Important Herb and Shrub Species.- Distribution of Ground Fuels.- 10. Forest Successions.- Modeling Succession in Glacier.- Application of the Multiple-Pathway Model.- Implications for, and a Comment on, Park Management.- 11. Other Terrestrial Communities.- The Role of Primary Succession.- Distributions of Important Herb and Shrub Species.- The Role of Fire.- Other Causes of Secondary Successions.- Distribution of Ground Fuels.- 12. Diversity Relationships.- The Diversity Mosaic.- Dominance-Diversity Relationships.- Evolution of Glacier’s Terrestrial Plant Community Diversity.- III. Implementation of the Glacier National Park Gradient Modeling Information System.- 13. Gradient Models as the Base for a Dynamic Information System.- A Review of the Data Base.- The Gradient Modeling Information System.- 14. Structure and Components of the Resource and Fire Model.- Terrestrial Resource Inventory (Remote Site Inventory).- Weather Models.- Fire Behavior Models.- Integration of the Model’s Components.- 15. Testing the Model.- Site Information.- Vegetation.- Fuel Loadings.- Fire Behavior.- 16. Model Computer Program, Operation, and Utility.- Source Program and File Structure.- Operation of the Model.- Output from the Model.- IV. Subsequent Applications of Gradient Modeling Systems.- 17. Gradient Models and Multiple Resolution Levels.- Management Information Systems.- Fire Behavior Information Integration System.- Fire Management Information Integration System.- GANDALF and TAROT.- Other Related Work.- 18. Models of Vertebrate Habitat Utilization.- Gradient Models of Ungulates.- Vertebrate Habitat Utilization Model.- 19. The Next Generation of Gradient Modeling Systems: FORPLAN and PREPLAN.- Structure of the Language.- FORPLAN Modules.- FORPLAN as a Managerial Tool.- Continued Development and Availability of FORPLAN.- PREPLAN, The Kosciusko National Park Model.- 20. Conclusions — Technology Transfer Between Researchers and Managers.- Literature Cited.- Appendix 1. Scientific and Common Names For Species Mentioned In The Text.- Appendix 2. Gradient Population Nomograms For Glacier National Park.