Good Son Is Sad If He Hears the Name of His Father: The Tabooing of Names in China as a Way of Implementing Social Values

ISBN-13: 9781909662698 / Angielski / Twarda / 2015 / 416 str.

Piotr Adamek

Opis

When in 1775 the scholar Wang Xihou 王錫侯 compiled a dictionary called Ziguan 字貫, he wrote, for illustrative purposes, the personal names of Confucius and the three emperors Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong in the introduction. In oversight, he recorded their complete names. This accidental writing of a few names was condemned by Emperor Qianlong as an unprecedented crime, rebellion and high treason. Wang Xihou was executed, his property confiscated and his books were burnt. His family was arrested and his sons and grandsons were killed or sent as slaves to Heilongjiang. It is surprising what an enormous impact the tabooing of names (bihui 避諱) had on Chinese culture. The names of sovereigns, ancestors, officials, teachers, and even friends were all considered taboo, in other words it was prohibited to pronounce them or to record them in writing. In numerous cases characters identical or similar in writing or pronunciation were often avoided as well. The tabooing of names was observed in the family and on the street, in the office and in the emperor's palace. The practice of bihui had serious consequences for the daily lives of the Chinese and for Chinese historiography. People even avoided certain places and things, and refused to accept offices. They were punished and sometimes even killed in connection with the tabooing of names. The bihui custom existed as an important element of Chinese culture and was perceived as significant by Chinese and foreigners alike. It was crucial for implementing social values and demonstrating the political hierarchy. The present work A Good Son Is Sad if He Hears the Name of His Father is a systematic study of Chinese name-tabooing customs, which until now have been relatively little explored in Western-language Sinological studies. It attempts to provide a long-term perspective on the changing dynamics of tabooing and elucidates various aspects related to the fascinating topic of tabooing of names.

Spis treści

Chapter One: Introduction
Chapter Two: Taboo and Name
Chapter Three: Basic Characteristics of Name Tabooing
Chapter Four: Beginnings of the Custom of Name Taboo in China
Chapter Five: Name Tabooing from the Han to Southern and Northern Dynasties
Chapter Six: Culmination of the Custom of Name Taboo
Chapter Seven: Last Centuries of Name Tabooing
Chapter Eight: Consequences of Name Taboo for Chinese People
Chapter Nine: Historiographical Consequences and the Basics of the Discipline of Name Tabooing
Chapter Ten: Special Topics of Name Tabooing
Bibliography
Chronological Index of Taboo Names of Emperors and Other Famous Persons
Alphabetical Index of Taboo Characters
Table: Confucian Officials Executed for Taboo Mistakes

O autorze

Piotr Adamek