Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition

ISBN-13: 9780792307853 / Angielski / Twarda / 1990 / 560 str.

N. El Bassam; M. Dambroth; B. C. Loughman

Opis

The genetic work that has been carried out with crop plants indicates that many nutritional characteristics are independently inherited and could be selected for a breeding program. This proceedings volume addresses the basic mechanisms by which plants acquire inorganic nutrients and the techniques

Recenzje

' .....the book is very useful and provides good documentation of a comparatively new field. ' Plant Breeding 107 1991

Spis treści

Genotypic variation in plant productivity and consequences for breeding of “low input cultivars”.- Session 1: Physiological and biochemical mechanisms associated with genetic variation in utilization of a) nitrogen, b) phosphorus and c) other major nutrients.- Factors affecting the nutritional efficiency of plants.- Physiological basis of genotypic plant distinctions in mineral nutrition.- Concentrations of N, P, and K and dry matter mass in maize inbred lines.- Accumulation and translocation of nitrogen in cultivars of winter wheat with different demands for nutrition.- Uptake and partitioning of nitrogen in nitrogenlimited barley: Dependence of age and genotype.- Dry weight production and nitrogen efficiency in cultivars of barley and rye.- Nitrate reductase in sugar beet genotypes supplied with different nitrate levels.- Influence of the nitrogen level on root growth and morphology of two potato varieties differing in nitrogen acquisition.- Phosphorus efficiency and phosphorus remobilization in two sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) cultivars.- Responses to phosphate fertilizers of differing solubilities by white clover cultivars.- Genotypical differences among graminaceous species in release of phytosiderophores and uptake of iron phytosiderophores.- Investigations on the nutrient uptake efficiency of different grape root-stock species and cultivars.- Heritability of root characteristics affecting mineral uptake in tall fescue.- Root traits of maize seedlings — indicators of nitrogen efficiency?.- Varietal differences in root Phosphatase activity as related to the utilization of organic phosphates.- The effect of shoot and root genotype on phosphorus concentrations of shoots and roots.- Carbohydrate status in roots of two soybean cultivars: A possible parameter to explain different efficiencies concerning phosphate uptake.- Properties of potassium uptake by seedling roots of grape cultivars.- Sterol content and efficiency of ion uptake by roots of maize genotypes.- Genetic differentiation in Plantago major L. in growth and P uptake under conditions of P limitation.- Session 2: Genotypic responses to a) water stress, b) salinity and c) acidity and deficiency or excess of elements.- Physiological characteristics responsible for drought resistance in different pea cultivars.- Effects of water deficit on osmotic adjustment, photosynthesis and dry matter production of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes.- Evalutation of breeding strategies for drought tolerance in potato by means of crop growth simulation.- Influence of genotype and water stress on the uptake of potassium and nitrogen in maize.- Salinity tolerance of different halophyte types.- Physiological differences between barley cultivars under salt stress — xylem exudation and phloem flow of different cations.- Sodium exclusion mechanisms at the root surface of two maize cultivars.- Cation accumulation related to adaptation of maize populations to salinity.- Interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and soil salinity and its effect on growth and ionic composition of corn (Zea mays L.).- Genetic aspects of aluminum tolerance in sorghum.- Influence of salt stress on primary metabolism of Zea mays L. seedlings of model genotypes.- Genetic control of aluminium tolerance in sorghum.- Genetics of tolerance to aluminium in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Thell).- The uptake of trace elements by spinach and bean varieties of different root parameters.- Manganese toxicity in sunflower lines.- Electrophysiological membrane characteristics of the salt tolerant Plantago maritima and the salt sensitive Plantago media.- Genotypic differences in boron accumulation in barley: Relative susceptibilities to boron deficiency and toxicity.- Behaviour of different wheat genotypes under various irrigation conditions in semi-arid tropics of Haryana, India.- Iron tolerance of rice cultivars.- Relationship between metolachlor sensitivity and Mn toxicity tolerance in sorghum cultivars.- Genetic studies on the acidification capacity of sunflower roots induced under iron stress.- Screening for manganese efficiency in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).- Session 3: Screening techniques for detection of nutritional deficiencies and abiotic stress under genetic control.- Screening techniques for plant nutrient efficiency: Philosophy and methods.- Biochemical techniques for genotype characterization.- Comparison of nitrogen utilization of diploid and tetraploid perennial ryegrass genotypes using a hydroponic system.- Actual cytokinin concentrations in plant tissue as an indicator for salt resistance in cereals.- A procedure for quick screening of wheat cultivars for salt tolerance.- A method for investigating the influence of soil water potential on yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat cultivars.- Water potential as a selection criterium for drought tolerance by different durum wheat genotypes.- Application of in vitro techniques for screening plant genetic variability.- Screening pasture plants for aluminium tolerance.- Screening soybean for aluminium tolerance and adaptation to acid soils.- Selection parameters for assessing the tolerance of wheat to high concentrations of boron.- Session 4: Genetic variation in symbiotic systems.- Variability of molecular nitrogen fixation and its dependence on plant genotype and diazotroph strains.- Iron deficiency in chickpea in the Mediterranean region and its control through resistant genotypes and nutrient application.- N2 fixation by R. japonicum strains during vegetation of different soybean cultivars.- Differences between cereal crop cultivars in root-associated nitrogen fixation, possible causes of variable yield response to seed inoculation.- Genetical analysis of the efficiency of VA mycorrhiza with spring wheat. I. Genotypical differences and a reciprocal cross between an efficient and non-efficient variety.- Improved growth of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. in an unsterile tropical soil by three mycorrhizal fungi.- Control of Mn status and infection rate by genotype of both host and pathogen in the wheat take-all interaction.- Session 5: Germplasm resources and creation of genotypes for specific environmental including low input systems.- Genetic resources for optimal input technology — ICARDA’s perspectives.- Physiological basis of differential response to salinity in rice cultivars.- A method to estimate the prospect of specific breeding for nutrient efficiency.- Grain yield and quality characters of genotypes in F5-generation under low and high nitrogen input.- Performance of winter wheat cultivars under reduced nitrogen conditions.- Suitability of varieties of winter wheat in low external input systems in West Germany.- Comparison between land races and high yielding cultivars of winter wheat in extensive, integrated and intensive farming over several years.- Breeding wheat (Triticum aestivum) for aluminium toxicity tolerance at CIMMYT.- Buckwheat — A low input plant.- Phosphorus: A limiting nutrient in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Latin America and field screening for efficiency and response.- Screening of rices for adverse soil tolerance.- Genetic diversity for nutrient use efficiency in cultivars and exotic germplasm lines of alfalfa.- Breeding for low level acid soil tolerance as a component of overall acid soil field tolerance in sorghum.- A programme to breed a cultivar of Trifolium repens L. for more efficient use of phosphate.- Response to phosphorus of a world collection of white clover cultivars.