Genesis of Diamonds and Associated Phases

ISBN-13: 9783319854182 / Angielski / Miękka / 2018 / 137 str.

Yuriy A. Litvin

Spis treści

Preface

Introduction

1. Earth’s mantle mineralogy of diamond and associated phases

1.1. Natural data for syngenetic inclusions in diamonds

1.1.1. Mineralogy of primary inclusions in upper-mantle diamonds

1.1.2. Mineralogy of primary inclusions in transition-zone and lower-mantle “super-deep” diamonds 

1.2. Xenoliths of diamond-bearing rocks in kimberlites

1.3. Estimations of diamond-parent media at pre-experimental period

2. High-pressure experimental mineralogy of diamond genesis

2.1. Main results of testing experiments on diamond-parent media and their influence on genetic mineralogy of diamond

2.2. Physicochemical experiments as the basis for the genetic mineralogy of diamond and associated phases

2.3. Experimentally and mineralogically based criterium of syngenesis of diamonds and primary inclusions therein

3. Physicochemical experimental study of diamond genesis under the Earth’s upper mantle conditions (within 150 – 250 km depth)

3.1. Mechanism of diamond nucleation and crystallization in carbonate-carbon and silicate-carbonate-carbon melt-solutions

3.2. “Syngenesis phase diagrams” and physicochemical mechanisms of diamond and associated phases formation

3.3. Genetic classification of syngenetic inclusions in upper-mantle derived diamonds

4. Physicochemical experimental study of ”super-deep” diamond genesis under the Earth’s lower mantle conditions (over 670 km depth)

4.1. “Syngenesis phase diagrams” and physicochemical mechanisms of diamond and associated phases formation

<4.2. Genetic classification of syngenetic inclusions in upper-mantle derived diamonds

5. Mantle-carbonatite conception of diamond and associated minerals origin

5.1. “Concentration barrier of diamond nucleation” and its genetic role for diamond genesis

5.2. Composition diagram of the upper-mantle diamond-parental medium

5.3. Composition diagram of the upper-mantle ”super-deep” diamond-parental medium

5.4. Key peculiarity of the mantle carbonatite diamond-genetic conception

6. Genetic role of partition coefficients for diamond-parental melts and associated minerals

6.1. Experimental estimation of the melt-mineral partition coefficient for the diamond-parental systems

6.2. Application of experimental partition coefficients to estimation of the upper- mantle sources for formation of diamond-parental media

6.3. Formation of mantle chambers of silicate-carbonate-carbon diamond-parental melts as the key episodes of diamond origin

7. Fractional magmatic evolution of the Earth’s mantle material and diamond-parental melts

7.1. Role of reactionary garnetization of olivine in ultrabasic-basic magmatic evolution of the upper-mantle and diamond-parental melts

7.2. Physicochemical conditions of formation of diamond-bearing peridotitic and eclogitic rocks and primary inclusions of peridotite and eclogite parageneses in diamonds

7.3. Role of peritectic reaction of bridgmanite (“stishovite paradox”) in ultrabasic-basic magmatic evolution of the lower-mantle and “super-deep”diamond-parental melts

7.4. Physicochemical conditions of formation of primary ultrabasic and basic inclusions in “super-deep”diamonds

Conclusion

References

Blurb

This book presents an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the genesis of diamonds and the associated phases. It is divided into three main parts, starting with an introduction to the analysis of diamond inclusions to infer the formation processes. In turn, the second part of the book presents high-pressure experimental studies in mantle diamond-parental mineral systems with representative multicomponent boundary compositions. The experimental syngenesis phase diagrams provided reveal the physicochemical mechanisms of diamond nucleation and substantiate the mantle-carbonatite concept of the genesis of diamonds and associated phases. Lastly, the book describes the genetic classification of diamond-hosted mineral inclusions and experimentally determined RE “mineral-parental melt” partition coefficients. The physicochemical experimental evidence presented shows the driving forces behind the fractional evolution of the mantle magmas and diamond-parental melts.

Given the depth and breadth of its coverage, the book offers researchers essential new insights into the ways diamonds and associated minerals and rocks are naturally created.