General Airgap Field Modulation Theory for Electrical Machines: Principles and Practice

ISBN-13: 9781119900344 / Angielski / Twarda / 2022

Cheng

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Preface xiAbout the Authors xvAbout the Companion Website xvii1 Introduction 11.1 Review of Historical Development of Electrical Machines 11.2 Limitations of Classical Electrical Machine Theories 71.2.1 Fragmentation of Electrical Machine Theories 71.2.2 Limitations in Analysis of Operating Principles 81.2.3 Lack of Uniformity in Performance Analysis 91.3 Overview of Magnetic Field Modulation Machines and their Theories 111.4 Scope and Organization of the Book 14References 162 Airgap Magnetic Field Modulation Phenomena in Electrical Machines 232.1 Traditional Electrical Machines 232.1.1 Brushed Direct Current Machines 242.1.2 Induction Machines 262.1.3 Synchronous Machines 292.2 Field Modulation Magnetic Gears 332.2.1 Construction and Operating Principle 342.2.2 Airgap Magnetic Field Modulation Behaviors 362.2.3 Other MG Types 422.3 Magnetically Geared Machines 452.3.1 Evolution of MGMs 462.3.2 Airgap Magnetic Field Modulation Behaviors 482.4 PM Vernier Machine 502.4.1 Machine Construction 502.4.2 Airgap Magnetic Field Modulation Behaviors 502.5 Linear PMV Machine 522.5.1 Machine Construction 532.5.2 Airgap Magnetic Field Modulation Behaviors 542.6 Flux-switching PM Machine 572.6.1 Magnetic Field Modulation Mechanism of PM Field 582.6.2 Magnetic Field Modulation Mechanism of Armature Field 622.7 Doubly-Fed Machines 662.7.1 Classification and Operating Principles 672.7.2 Cascaded Type 702.7.3 Modulation Type 712.7.4 Commonalities and Differences of Existing Brushless Doubly-fed Machines 782.8 Uniformity of Machine Operating Principles 79References 823 Three Key Elements Model for Electrical Machines 873.1 Introduction 873.2 Classical Winding Function Theory and Its Limitations 893.2.1 Winding MMF 893.2.2 Classical Winding Function Theory 923.2.3 Limitations of Classical Winding Function Theory 953.3 Three Key Elements 993.3.1 Source of Excitation 1013.3.2 Modulator 1013.3.3 Filter 1033.4 Mathematical Representation of Three Key Elements 1033.4.1 Source MMF 1043.4.2 Modulation Operator 1083.4.3 Filter 1203.4.4 Unified Airgap Model 1213.4.5 Duality Between Electrical Machines and Switching Power Converters 1243.5 Torque Decomposition 1293.5.1 General Torque Equation 1293.5.2 Wound-Field Salient-Pole SM 1323.5.3 SynRM 1353.5.4 Squirrel-Cage IM 1353.5.5 Bdfrm 1363.5.6 Bdfim 1383.5.7 FSPM Machine 1393.5.8 PMV Machine 1513.5.9 Axial-Flux PMV Machine 155References 1584 Analysis of Magnetic Field Modulation Behaviors 1634.1 Introduction 1634.2 Magnetic Field Modulation Behaviors and Torque Components 1634.2.1 Asynchronous and Synchronous Modulation Behaviors 1644.2.2 Asynchronous and Synchronous Torque Components 1664.3 Characterization of Modulation Behaviors in Typical Machine Topologies 1674.3.1 Brushed DCM 1684.3.2 Wound-Field Salient-Pole SM 1684.3.3 Wound-Field Non-Salient-Pole SM and Slip-Ring Doubly-Fed Induction Machine 1694.3.4 Squirrel Cage IM and BDFIM 1704.3.5 Synchronous Reluctance Machine and Brushless Doubly-Fed Reluctance Machine 1714.3.6 Surface-Mounted PMSM and FRPM Machine 1734.3.7 Interior PMSM and FSPM Machine 1744.3.8 Switched Reluctance Machine and Vernier Machine 1754.3.9 Magnetically-Geared Machine and PM Vernier Machine 1764.4 Torque Composition of Typical Machine Topologies 1774.4.1 Case Study I - BDFIM 1794.4.2 Case Study II - BDFM with a Hybrid Rotor 1834.4.3 Case Study III - FSPM Machine 1864.5 Magnetic Field Modulation Behaviors of Various Modulators 1884.5.1 Salient Reluctance Pole Modulator 1884.5.2 Multilayer Flux Barrier Modulator 1974.5.3 Short-Circuited Coil Modulator 2024.6 Interchangeability of Modulators 2134.6.1 Comparison of Three Basic Modulator Types 2134.6.2 Influence of Modulators on Machine Performance 217References 2255 Performance Evaluation of Electrical Machines Based on General Airgap Field Modulation Theory 2275.1 Introduction 2275.2 Squirrel-Cage IM 2275.2.1 Airgap Magnetic Field Analysis 2295.2.2 Inductance and Torque Characteristics 2315.3 Brushless Doubly-fed Machines 2345.3.1 Stator Winding MMF 2355.3.2 Airgap Magnetic Field and Inductances 2385.3.3 Quantitative Analysis of 4/2 BDFRM 2505.3.4 Quantitative Analysis of 4/2 BDFIM 2645.4 SynRM 2725.4.1 Inductances 2725.4.2 Torque Characteristic 2745.5 FRPM Machine 2765.5.1 Magnetic Field Modulation Behavior 2765.5.2 Influence of Key Topological Parameters 2795.5.3 Experimental Validation 2805.6 Comparison of Representative Machine Topologies 284References 2886 Innovation of Electrical Machine Topologies 2936.1 Innovation Methods 2936.1.1 Change of Source MMF 2946.1.2 Change of Modulator 2966.1.3 Change of Filter 2966.1.4 Change of Relative Position of Three Key Elements 2976.1.5 Change of Relative Motion of Three Key Elements 2976.2 DSPM Machine with Pi-Shaped Stator Core 2986.2.1 Machine Construction and Operating Principle 2996.2.2 Performance Analysis and Comparison 3086.2.3 Prototype and Experimental Results 3106.3 Stator-PM Variable Reluctance Resolver 3136.3.1 Machine Construction and Operating Principle 3156.3.2 Odd-Pole Issue and Solutions Based on GAFMT 3186.4 FRPM Machine 3226.4.1 Operating Principle 3246.4.2 Analysis of Open-Circuit Back-EMF Based on GAFMT 3306.5 FSPM Machine with Full-Pitch Windings 3326.5.1 Machine Construction and Operating Principle 3346.5.2 Influence of Key Geometric Parameters 3366.5.3 Comparative Study 3406.6 Rotor-PM FSPM Machine 3416.6.1 Machine Construction and Operating Principle 3426.6.2 Winding Consistency and Complementarity 3456.6.3 Fundamental Electromagnetic Performance 3476.7 Dual-Rotor Magnetically-Geared Power Split Machine 3596.7.1 Machine Construction and Operating Principle 3606.7.2 Modes of Operation 3626.7.3 Asymmetry in Magnetic Circuits 3656.7.4 Complementary MGPSM and Experimental Validation 3706.8 Stator Field-Excitation HTS Machines 3836.8.1 Stator Field-Excitation HTS Flux-Switching Machine 3856.8.2 Double-Stator Field Modulation Superconducting Excitation Machine 3876.8.3 Technical Challenges and Outlook of Field Modulation HTS Machines 3916.9 Brushless Doubly-Fed Reluctance Machine with an Asymmetrical Composite Modulator 3936.9.1 Phase Shift Phenomenon of Modulated Harmonics 3946.9.2 Asymmetrical Composite Modulator 3986.9.3 Experimental Verification 400References 4027 Other Applications of General Airgap Field Modulation Theory 4097.1 Introduction 4097.2 Analysis of Radial Forces in Brushless Doubly-fed Machines 4107.2.1 Electromagnetic Vibration and Noise in Electrical Machines 4107.2.2 Analysis of Radial Forces 4107.2.3 Calculation of Radial Forces 4117.2.4 Pole-Pair Combinations Without UMP 4227.3 Design of Suspension Windings for Bearingless Homopolar and Consequent Pole PM Machines 4237.3.1 Design Principle of Pole-Changing Windings 4247.3.2 Solution 1: Coil Span y = 4 4277.3.3 Solution 2: Coil Span y = 5 4277.4 Loss Calculation 4277.4.1 Stray Load Loss Calculation for IMs 4327.4.2 Computationally Efficient Core Loss Calculation for FSPM Machines Supplied by PWM Inverters 4497.5 Optimization of Salient Reluctance Pole Modulators for Typical Field Modulation Electrical Machines 4727.5.1 Typical Salient Reluctance Poles 4737.5.2 Optimization for Magnetically-Geared PM Machine 4777.5.3 Optimization for FRPM Machine 4827.5.4 General Guidelines 4877.6 Airgap-Harmonic-Oriented Design Optimization Methodology 4887.6.1 Airgap-Harmonic-Oriented Design Optimization Concept 4907.6.2 Sensitivity Analysis 4957.6.3 Multi-Objective Optimization 4987.6.4 Optimization Results and Experimental Validation 501References 508Appendix A Derivation of Modulation Operators 513A. 1 Derivation of Modulation Operator for Short-circuited Coils 513A. 2 Derivation of Modulation Operator for Salient Reluctance Poles 514A. 3 Derivation of Modulation Operator for Multilayer Flux Barriers 516Appendix B Magnetic Force of Current-Carrying Conductors in Airgap and in Slots 521References 524Appendix C Methods for Force and Torque Calculation 525C.1 Maxwell Stress Tensor Method 525C.2 Principle of Virtual Work 530C.2.1 Torque Derived from Magnetic Stored Energy and Virtual Displacement 530C.2.2 Torque Derived from Co-energy and Virtual Displacement 532References 533Index 535

O autorze

Ming Cheng, Ph.D., FIEEE, is the Endowed Chair Professor of Electrical Engineering and Director of the Research Center for Wind Power Generation at Southeast University, China. He received B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from Southeast University and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from University of Hong Kong. He has been the recipient of the State Technological Invention Award of China, the IET Achievement Award, and an IEEE IAS Distinguished Lectureship, among others.Peng Han, Ph.D. is a Senior Application Engineer at Ansys Inc., USA. He received both B.Sc. and Ph.D degrees in electrical engineering from Southeast University, China, and was a postdoctoral researcher at The Ohio State University and University of Kentucky, USA. He received third prize in the IEEE IAS Student Thesis Contest in 2018.Yi Du, Ph.D. is a Professor of Electrical and Information Engineering at Jiangsu University, China. He received B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from Jiangsu University and Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Southeast University, China. He was a Visiting Professor at The University of Sheffield, UK, from 2018 to 2019.Honghui Wen, Ph.D. is a Research Assistant at Southeast University, China. He received B.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Southeast University. He received second prize in the IEEE IAS Myron Zucker Undergraduate Student Design Contest in 2017.