Fundamentals of Paramedic Practice: A Systems Approach

ISBN-13: 9781119462958 / Angielski / Miękka / 2019 / 464 str.

Sam Willis; Roger Dalrymple

Spis treści

List of contributors xivPreface xviAcknowledgements xviiAbout the companion website xviiiChapter 1 Professionalism in paramedic practice 1Netta Lloyd-JonesIntroduction 2Professionalism in paramedic practice 2Defining professionalism 3Professionalism as ethical practice 3Professional identity, socialisation, and culture 4How do students learn professionalism? 6Assessment and standards of professionalism 7Regulatory areas, fitness to practise processes, and outcomes 8Conclusion 9Activities 9Glossary 10References 10Chapter 2 Professional health regulation for paramedicine and ambulance prehospital emergency care 12Ramon Z. Shaban, Ruth TownsendIntroduction 13Principles for paramedic professional health regulation 13Health professional regulation for paramedic professionalism 14The UK experience 15Paramedics behaving badly 18The Australian experience 19Conclusion 20Activities 21Glossary 21References 22Chapter 3 Human factors in paramedicine 23Sam Willis, Helen PocockIntroduction 24What are human factors? 24Human error in paramedicine 25Tasks 26Organisation 27Tools and technology 28Environment 28Interactions 29Human factors in paramedic practice 29Conclusion 32Activities 32Glossary 33References 33Chapter 4 Mental capacity and prehospital care 35Sue PutmanIntroduction 36What is mental capacity? 36How do we make decisions? 37Assessing mental capacity 38The five principles 39Additional mental capacity safeguards 43Conclusion 45Activities 46Glossary 46References 47Chapter 5 Mental health and prehospital care 48Sue PutmanIntroduction 49What is 'mental health'? 49What are 'mental disorder' and 'mental illness'? 50Emotions (mood) and behaviour 52ABC model of emotion 52Brief outline of common mental illnesses 52General strategies to help with all mental health conditions in the prehospital environment 56Mental health act 57Conclusion 57Activities 58Glossary 58References 58Chapter 6 Communication skills for the prehospital professional 60Sam Willis, Gary MellorIntroduction 61Background 61The importance of effective communication 62A model of communication 62 viiNonverbal communication 63Verbal communication 68Effective listening 69Empathy 70Barriers to effective communication in the prehospital setting 70Conclusion 71Activities 71Glossary 72References 73Chapter 7 Sociological aspects of paramedic practice 74Kellie TuneIntroduction 75The sociological imagination 75Three sociological paradigms 76The sociocultural context of health 78Medicalisation and demedicalisation 80Conclusion 80Activities 80Glossary 82References 82Chapter 8 Legal and ethical aspects of paramedic practice 84Ruth Townsend, Sam Willis, Nevin MehmetIntroduction 85Legal aspects of paramedic practice 85Ethical aspects of paramedic practice 90Ethical principles: An ethical framework 92Conclusion 93Activities 93Glossary 94References 94Chapter 9 Leadership and mentorship in paramedic practice 95Roger DalrympleIntroduction 96Theories of leadership: a brief overview 97Definitions of leadership 98From leaders to leadership behaviours 98Leadership styles and approaches 99Leadership at the individual level 100Leadership and the mentoring or supervisory role 101Leadership and team work 103Ongoing leadership development 104Conclusion 104Activities 104Glossary 105References 106Chapter 10 Safeguarding adults at risk of abuse and neglect 107Rozz McDonaldIntroduction 108Legislation and policy 108Types of abuse and neglect 110Recognising abuse and neglect 110Radicalisation and extremism 115Practice principles of safeguarding 116Paramedic responsibilities 116Conclusion 119Activities 119Glossary 119References 120Chapter 11 Essential toxicology for prehospital clinicians 122Jack MatulichIntroduction 123Pharmacokinetics in toxicology 124The importance of clinical context and vulnerability 125The initial resuscitative approach in toxicology 126Toxidromes 130Activities 139Glossary 140References 141Chapter 12 Medical terminology 142Steve Whitfield, Michael PorterIntroduction 143A brief history (Hx) of medical terminology 144Medical terminology and word structure 145Prefixes and suffixes 145The building blocks of medical terms 148Pronunciation of medical terms 149Forming plurals 150Eponyms 150Anatomical positions 151Movement terminology 154Medical abbreviations and acronyms 154Common similarities in terminology 160Spelling - British versus American English 161Conclusion 161Activities 162Glossary 162References 163Chapter 13 Research methods and paramedic practice 164Jan Davison-Fischer, Catherine J. Davison-Fischer, Roger DalrympleIntroduction 165Qualitative and quantitative research 165Ethics 167Case reports 167Case control studies 167Questionnaire studies 168Interview studies 170Focus group studies 170Observational and participatory studies 170Before-and-after studies and routinely collected data 171Randomised controlled trials 171Longitudinal cohort and panel studies 172Critical literature reviews 172Conclusion 175Activities 175Glossary 176References 176Chapter 14 Trauma 178Charlie McGurk, Sam Willis, Alice AcuttIntroduction 179Head injuries 179Facial injuries 182Neck and back injuries 183Chest injuries 185Abdominal injuries 188Pelvic injuries 189Limb injuries 190Upper limb injuries 191Shock 192Conclusion 192Activities 192Glossary 193References 194Chapter 15 Prehospital electrocardiography 195Nathan PuckeridgeIntroduction 196What is an ECG? 196P, Q, R, S, and T waves 197Evaluating the ECG 198Atrioventricular heart blocks 201Performing and reviewing a 12-lead ECG 202Acute coronary syndromes and the ECG 203Idioventricular rhythm 204Bundle branch blocks 205Conclusion 205Activities 206Glossary 206References 207Chapter 16 Assessing the cardiac system 208Mark Ives, Sam Willis, Sonja Maria, Clare SuttonIntroduction 209Cardiac anatomy and physiology 209Common cardiac conditions 211Patient assessment 215Conclusion 224Activities 224Glossary 225References 225Chapter 17 Assessing the nervous system 227Clair MerrimanIntroduction 228Nervous system: structure and function 228Central nervous system 229Peripheral nervous system 232Upper and lower motor neurones 233History and physical examination 233Conclusion 241Activities 241Glossary 242References 242Chapter 18 Assessing the abdomen 243Matthew Faulkner, Clare Sutton, Georgina PickeringIntroduction 244Abdominal anatomy and physiology 244Patient assessment 254Conclusion 261Activities 261Glossary 262References 263Chapter 19 Respiratory assessment 264Dan Staines, Samantha Sheridan, Georgina PickeringIntroduction 265Respiratory anatomy and physiology 266Pathophysiology of respiratory conditions 268Patient assessment 268Conclusion 278Activities 278Glossary 279References 279Chapter 20 Paramedic assessment skills 280Duncan McConnellIntroduction 281Part 1: The conscious patient 281Case study 1: Using the primary survey 283Case study 2: Implementing the secondary survey 287Case study 3: Completing the systematic approach 290Part 2: The unconscious patient 292Case study 4: The unconscious patient systematic approach 296Conclusion 299Activities 304Glossary 304References 305Chapter 21 Birth and the paramedic 307Robb KightleyIntroduction 308Physiological birth 308Birth phases 309Preparing for the birth 311Paramedic intervention following normal childbirth 312Birth complications 313Conclusion 317Activities 317Glossary 318References 318Chapter 22 Paediatrics 319Sam Whitby, Steve Whitfield, Kerryn WrattIntroduction 320Paediatric anatomy and physiology 320Paediatric examination 322Patient assessment triangle 322Paediatric emergencies 324Conclusion 334Activities 334Glossary 335References 335Chapter 23 Medical emergencies 337Tianna CamilleriIntroduction 338Neurological emergencies 338Metabolic emergencies 341End-of-life care 344Infection 345Immunological emergencies 349Conclusion 350Activities 350Glossary 351References 351Chapter 24 Caring for older adults 353Helen PocockIntroduction 354The elderly population 354Assessing older adults 355Physiology of ageing 355Frailty 358Trauma 360Falls 360Additional assessments in the elderly 362Pain assessment 362End-of-life care 363Conclusion 364Activities 364Glossary 365References 365Chapter 25 Managing minor injuries in the prehospital setting 367Craig BarlowIntroduction 368Background 369The importance of history taking 369Consent to treatment 370Clinical examination 371Minor head injuries 373Nasal injuries 374Wound assessment and care 374Ankle injuries 376Minor burns 377Transporting minor injury patients 378Conclusion 379Activities 379Glossary 380References 382Chapter 26 Major incident management 383Kallai Sugden, Bede WilsonIntroduction 384Managing the incident site: first ambulance on scene 385Declaring a major incident: METHANE and SAM 385Casualty management 387Incident management system 390Emergency management 393Conclusion 393Activities 394Glossary 394References 395Chapter 27 Low acuity 396Duncan McConnellIntroduction 397What is low acuity care? 398How to approach low acuity care patient assessment 400Performing a systems review 402Other physical assessment clues to assist the diagnosis 405Gathering further clinical information from patients 407Conclusion 409Activities 409Glossary 410References 411Answers to activities 412Index 428

O autorze

Sam Willis is Senior Lecturer in Paramedicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia.Roger Dalrymple is Principal Lecturer, Professional Education and Leadership Programmes, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.