Fundamentals of Iot and Wearable Technology Design

ISBN-13: 9781119617532 / Angielski / Twarda / 2021 / 304 str.

Haider Raad

Spis treści

About the Author xvPreface xviiAcknowledgment xxi1 Introduction and Historical Background 11.1 Introduction 11.1.1 IoT and Wearables Market Size 21.1.2 The World of IoT and Wearables 21.1.2.1 What Is an IoT Device? 31.1.2.2 Characteristics of IoT Systems 31.1.2.3 What Exactly Is a Wearable Device? 41.1.2.4 Characteristics of Wearable Devices 71.1.2.5 IoT vs. M2M 71.1.2.6 IoT vs. Wearables 81.1.3 IoT: Historical Background 101.1.4 Wearable Technology: Historical Background 121.1.4.1 The Wearables We Know Today 151.1.5 Challenges 191.1.5.1 Security 191.1.5.2 Privacy 201.1.5.3 Standards and Regulations 211.1.5.4 Energy and Power Issues 211.1.5.5 Connectivity 221.2 Conclusion 22Problems 22Interview Questions 23Further Reading 242 Applications 272.1 Introduction 272.2 IoT and Wearable Technology Enabled Applications 272.2.1 Health care 272.2.2 Fitness and Well-being 292.2.3 Sports 302.2.4 Entertainment and Gaming 312.2.5 Pets 322.2.6 Military and Public Safety 332.2.7 Travel and Tourism 342.2.8 Aerospace 342.2.9 Education 352.2.10 Fashion 362.2.11 Business, Retail, and Logistics 362.2.12 Industry 372.2.12.1 The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) 372.2.13 Home Automation and Smart Living 382.2.14 Smart Grids 392.2.15 Environment and Agriculture 402.2.16 Novel and Unusual Applications 412.3 Smart Cities 422.4 Internet of Vehicles (IoV) 442.5 Conclusion 44Problems 45Interview Questions 46Further Reading 463 Architectures 533.1 Introduction 533.2 IoT and Wearable Technology Architectures 543.2.1 Introduction 543.2.1.1 The Motivations Behind New Architectures 543.2.1.2 Edge Computing 563.2.1.3 Cloud, Fog, and Mist 573.2.2 IoT Architectures 593.2.2.1 The OSI Model 603.2.2.2 Why Does the OSI Model Matter? 603.2.2.3 Data Flow Across the OSI Model 623.2.2.4 Common IoT Architectures 623.2.2.5 Layer 1: Perception and Actuation (Sensors and Actuators) 673.2.2.6 Layer 2: Data Conditioning and Linking (Aggregation, Digitization, and Forwarding) 673.2.2.7 Layer 3: Network Transport (Preprocessing, Preliminary Analytics, and Routing) 683.2.2.8 Layer 4: Application (Analytics, Control, and Archiving) 693.2.3 Wearable Device Architecture 693.3 Conclusion 70Problems 71Technical Interview Questions 72Further Reading 724 Hardware 774.1 Introduction 774.2 Hardware Components Inside IoT and Wearable Devices 774.2.1 Sensors 784.2.1.1 Sensor Properties 794.2.1.2 MEMS Sensors 804.2.1.3 Commonly Used Sensors in IoT and Wearable Devices 814.2.1.4 Wireless Sensors 834.2.1.5 Multisensor Modules 844.2.1.6 Signal Conditioning for Sensors 854.2.2 Actuators 854.2.3 Microcontrollers, Microprocessors, SoC, and Development Boards 864.2.3.1 Selecting the Right Processing Unit for Your IoT or Wearable Device 894.2.4 Wireless Connectivity Unit 904.2.5 Battery Technology 914.2.5.1 Power Management Circuits 944.2.6 Displays and Other User Interface Elements 954.2.7 Microphones and Speakers 954.3 Conclusion 95Problems 96Technical Interview Questions 97Further Reading 975 Communication Protocols and Technologies 1015.1 Introduction 1015.2 Types of Networks 1015.3 Network Topologies 1035.3.1 Mesh 1035.3.2 Star 1045.3.3 Bus 1045.3.4 Ring 1045.3.5 Point to Point 1045.4 Protocols 1055.4.1 Application Layer Protocols 1055.4.1.1 Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) 1065.4.1.2 Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) 1065.4.1.3 Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) 1065.4.1.4 Data Distribution Service (DDS) 1065.4.1.5 AMQP (Advanced Message Queuing Protocol) 1075.4.2 Transport Layer Protocols 1075.4.2.1 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 1075.4.2.2 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 1075.4.3 Network Layer Protocols 1075.4.3.1 IPv4 and IPv6 1075.4.3.2 6LoWPAN 1075.4.3.3 RPL 1085.4.3.4 Thread 1085.4.3.5 LoRaWAN 1085.4.4 Protocols and Technologies in Physical and Data Link Layers 1085.4.4.1 Short Range 1095.4.4.2 Medium Range 1105.4.4.3 Long Range 1105.5 Conclusion 112Problems 112Technical Interview Questions 113Further Reading 1146 Product Development and Design Considerations 1196.1 Introduction 1196.2 Product Development Process 1196.2.1 Ideation and Research 1206.2.2 Requirements/Specifications 1206.2.3 Engineering Analysis 1206.2.3.1 Hardware Design 1206.2.3.2 Software Development 1216.2.3.3 Mechanical Design 1216.2.3.4 PCB Design 1226.2.4 Prototyping 1226.2.5 Testing and Validation 1236.2.5.1 Review and Design Verification 1236.2.5.2 Unit Testing 1236.2.5.3 Integration Testing 1236.2.5.4 Certification and Documentation 1246.2.5.5 Production Review 1246.2.6 Production 1246.3 IoT and Wearable Product Requirements 1246.3.1 Form Factor 1256.3.2 Power Requirements 1266.3.2.1 Energy Budget 1266.3.3 Wireless Connectivity Requirements 1276.3.3.1 RF Design and Antenna Matching 1276.3.3.2 Link Budget 1286.3.4 Cost Requirements 1316.4 Design Considerations 1316.4.1 Operational Factors 1316.4.2 Durability and Longevity 1316.4.3 Reliability 1326.4.4 Usability and User Interface 1326.4.5 Aesthetics 1326.4.6 Compatibility 1326.4.7 Comfort and Ergonomic Factors 1336.4.8 Safety Factors 1336.4.9 Washing Factors (Wash-ability) 1336.4.10 Maintenance Factors 1346.4.11 Packaging and Material Factors 1346.4.12 Security Factors 1346.4.13 Technology Obsolescence 1356.5 Conclusion 135Problems 135Interview Questions 136FurtherReading 1377 Cloud and Edge: Architectures, Topologies, and Platforms 1397.1 Introduction 1397.2 Cloud 1407.2.1 Why Cloud? 1407.2.2 Types of Cloud 1407.2.2.1 Private Cloud 1407.2.2.2 Public Cloud 1417.2.2.3 Hybrid Cloud 1417.2.2.4 Community Cloud 1417.2.3 Cloud Services 1417.2.3.1 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) 1417.2.3.2 Software as a Service (SaaS) 1427.2.3.3 Platform as a Service (PaaS) 1427.2.3.4 Functions as a Service (FaaS) 1427.2.4 OpenStack Architecture 1427.2.4.1 Components of OpenStack 1427.3 Edge and Fog 1447.3.1 The OpenFog Reference Architecture 1457.3.2 Fog Topologies 1477.4 Platforms 1487.4.1 Criteria for Choosing a Platform 1507.5 Data Analytics and Machine Learning 1517.6 Conclusion 151Problems 152Technical Interview Questions 152References 153Further Reading 1548 Security 1578.1 Introduction 1578.2 Security Goals 1588.3 Threats and Attacks 1598.3.1 Threat Modeling 1608.3.2 Common Attacks 1618.4 Security Consideration 1628.4.1 Blockchain 1648.5 Conclusion 166Problems 166Technical Interview Questions 167Further Reading 1689 Concerns, Risks, and Regulations 1719.1 Introduction 1719.2 Privacy Concerns 1719.3 Psychological and Social Concerns 1739.3.1 Psychological Concerns 1749.3.2 Social Concerns 1769.4 Safety Concerns 1779.5 Health Concerns 1779.5.1 Electromagnetic Radiation and Specific Absorption Rate 1779.5.2 Diseases and Effects 1819.5.2.1 Cancer 1819.5.2.2 Fertility 1829.5.2.3 Vision and Sleep Disorders 1829.5.2.4 Pain and Discomfort 1829.5.2.5 Other Risks 1839.5.3 Recommendations 1839.6 Regulations 184Further Reading 18610 Detailed Product Design and Development: From Idea to Finished Product 189Scott Tattersall, Mustafa Kamoona, and Haider Raad10.1 Introduction 18910.2 Product I (IoT): Vineyard Monitor 18910.2.1 Product Requirements and Design Considerations 19010.2.2 Communication Network/Technology Selection 19010.2.3 Hardware Selection and Breadboarding 19110.2.3.1 Breadboarding Example 19210.2.4 Prototyping 19610.2.4.1 Fritzing 19610.2.5 Power Consumption 19710.2.6 Software, Cloud, Platforms, API, etc. 19810.2.6.1 Sigfox Callback 19810.2.6.2 RESTful Web Services 19910.2.7 Microcontroller Coding 20110.2.7.1 Sigfox Messages 20310.2.7.2 Bit Packing 20510.2.7.3 IFTTT Integration 20710.2.8 From Breadboard to PCB 20710.2.8.1 Hand Soldering the Surface Mount Components (SMCs) 20910.2.9 Testing and Iteration 21210.2.10 PCB to Finished Product 21610.3 Product II (Wearable): Fall Detection Device 22010.3.1 Product Requirements and Design Considerations 22010.3.2 Design Block Diagram 22010.3.3 Flowchart 22210.3.4 Unified Modeling Language (UML) 22310.3.5 Hardware Selection 22310.3.6 Hardware Implementation and Connectivity 22510.3.6.1 Hardware Modules and Interfaces Overview 22910.3.7 Software Implementation 22910.3.7.1 Fall Detection Algorithm 23410.3.8 Smartphone iOS App 23810.3.9 Cloud Solution 24310.3.9.1 Cloud versus Edge Computing 24410.3.10 Security 24510.3.11 Power Consumption 24510.3.12 Delivery 24710.4 Conclusion 247References 247Further Reading 249Index 251Solution Manual 257

O autorze

HAIDER RAAD, PhD, is Associate Professor of Engineering Physics and the Director of the Engineering Physics Program in the Department of Physics at Xavier University. He is the Director of Xavier Wearable Electronics Research Center.