Fundamental Symmetries

ISBN-13: 9781468453911 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 362 str.

Opis

The first course of the International School on Physics with Low Energy Antiprotons was held in Erice, Sicily at the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture, from September 26 to October 3, 1986. The purpose of this School is to review the physics accessible to experiments using low energy antiprotons, in view of the new era of the CERN LEAR ring opened by the upgrade of the antiproton source at CERN (ACOL). In 1986 the first course covered topics related to fundamental symmetries. These Proceedings contain both the tutorial lectures and the various contributions presented during the School by the participants. The con- tributions have been organized in six sections. The first section is devoted to gravitation, a particularly "hot" topic in view of recent speculations about deviations from Newton's and Einstein's theories. Section II covers various problems related to the matter-antimatter symmetries such as comparison of the proton and antiproton, inertial masses or spectroscopy of antihydrogen or other antiprotonic atoms. CP and CPT violations in weak interaction are presented in Section III. The test of symmetries in atomic physics experiments and the strong CP problem are covered in Section IV. Section V groups contributions related to high prec s on measurements of simple systems like protonium, muonium or the anomalous moment of the muon. The last section is devoted to the experimental challenge of polar- izing antiproton beams.

Spis treści

I Gravitation.- Gravity.- The gravitational properties of antimatter.- Proposal to measure possible violations of the g-universality at the 10-10 level of accuracy on the Earth’s surface.- Gravitational spin interactions?.- II Matter and Antimatter.- Mass measurements for antiprotons.- Penning traps, masses and antiprotons.- Present status of the radiofrequency mass spectrometer for the comparison of the proton-antiproton masses (PS189).- Properties of matter versus those of antimatter as a test of CPT invariance.- Cooling and decelerations of antiprotons.- Stochastic cooling in a trap.- The cyclotron trap as decelerator and ion source.- Atomic physics experiments with antiprotons.- Possible experiments with antihydrogen.- On the production of highly ionized antiprotonic noble gas atoms at rest.- Atomic collision physics at LEAR.- Measurement of the antiprotonic Lyman- and Balmer X-rays of p?H and p?D atoms at very low target pressures.- Charge measurements.- The magnetic levitation electrometer: the searches for quarks and the electron-proton charge difference.- III CP and CPT Violation in Weak Interaction.- CP violation.- Use of QCD sum rules in the evaluation of weak hadronic matrix elements.- Short-distance effects in the K0-K?0 mixing in the Standard Model.- The CP LEAR project: Experiment PS195.- The measurement of the phase difference (?+- – ?00) with the CPLEAR experiment at CERN.- CP violation in the KS ? ?+?-?0 decay.- On the connection between CP-violation, muon-neutrino lifetime, muonium conversion and K0-decays: An explicit model.- IV Time Reversal Invariance and Symmetries in Strong Interaction.- Experiments on time reversal invariance in low energy nuclear physics.- The strong CP problem and the visibility of invisible axions.- V Simple Systems and QED.- The muon anomalous g-value.- Muonium.- The identification of p?p K X-rays at LEAR.- Low and high resolution protonium spectroscopy at LEAR in ACOL time: tools for glueball, hybrid and light meson spectroscopy and for measuring the NN? strong interaction dependence on angular momentum.- VI Polarization of Antiprotons.- A critique of the various techniques to polarize low energy antiprotons.- Polarization of stored antiprotons by the Stern-Gerlach effect.- A spin splitter for antiprotons in LEAR.- Polarized antiprotons from antihydrogen.- Large polarization asymmetries in nucleon-nucleon scattering.- Lecturers.- Participants.