Foundations of Aversion Therapy

ISBN-13: 9789401167093 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 145 str.

N. H. Hadley

Opis

The scene is Britain in the late 40's and early 50's. More specifically, the location is the newly formed Psychology Depart- ment of the University of London Institute of Psychiatry, Mauds- ley Hospital. Hans J. Eysenck, then University Reader in Psych- ology, had an ambitious and bold plan. unheard of for those days, which he was determined to bring to fruition come what may. First, personality was to be mapped out in terms of a small number of operationally defined, measurable dimensions. Next, these di- mensions would be related experimentally to their as yet to be identified underlying physiological determinants. This research was to lead to a comprehensive model of psychological, social and biological activity which would account for virtually every facet of human functioning. To facilitate this grand scheme, Eysenck gathered around him a carefully selected team of eager young faculty and doctoral can- didates among whom I had the good fortune to be included, first as a graduate student and then as a full-fledged academic. The guiding model was that of the searching student rather than the unquestioning disciple, and it was this spirit of directed but open- minded enquiry which guided us in the decades which lay ahead. That Eysenck's aspirations are not fully realized despite many years of intense endeavor does not detract from the intellectual excitement of those times and the impetus given to clinical psychology in the United Kingdom by these remarkable beginnings.

Spis treści

1. Classical and Instrumental Conditioning: Principles and Procedures.- Classical Conditioning Paradigm.- Instrumental Conditioning Paradigm.- Conditioning Paradigms: Comparisons and Distinguishing Features.- Experimental Procedures in Classical Conditioning.- Control Procedures in Classical Conditioning.- Rescorla-Wagner Model.- Second-Order Conditioning.- Habituative and Associative Factors.- Environmental and Cognitive Determinants of UCR and CR.- Constraints on Learning.- Preparedness in Classical Conditioning.- 2. Aversive Control of Behavior: Paradigms and Research.- Experimental Procedures.- Operant-Pavlovian Interactions in Aversion Therapy.- Escape Learning: Theory and Research.- Predictable vs. Unpredictable Aversive Stimulation.- Characteristics of an Effective Aversive Stimulus.- Problems and Ethical Issues.- Pain Threshold and Pain Tolerance.- Safety Considerations in Faradic Aversion Therapy.- 3. Screening and Masking Techniques in Aversion Therapy.- Facial Screening: Introduction.- Critical Components of Facial Screening.- Advantages and Limitations of Facial Screening.- Self-Application of Facial Screening.- Visual Screening.- Theoretical Explanations of Facial Screening.- Issues and Guidelines in the Use of Screening.- Sensory Extinction: Introduction.- Advantages of Sensory Extinction.- Limitations of Sensory Extinction.- Reinforcing Function of Self-Stimulation.- 4. Theories of Aversive Control of Behavior.- Classical Conditioning.- Change in Valence or Function of Deviant Stimulus.- Attitude Change.- Cognitive Dissonance.- Incubation of Fear and Cognitive Rehearsal.- State Theory.- Two-Factor Theory.- Biological Theory.- Cognitive Theory.- 5. Personality and Conditionability.- Pavlov’s Theory.- Eysenck’s Personality Classification.- Differences between Pavlov’s and Eysenck’s Classifications.- Strong and Weak Nervous Systems.- Relation of Introversion-Extroversion to Sensory Thresholds and Pain Tolerance.- Reactive and Conditioned Inhibition.- Introversion-Extroversion and Conditionability.- Eysenck’s Biological Theory of Personality.- Sokolov’s Theory of Attention.- Differential Effects of Stimulant and Depressant Drugs on Introverts and Extroverts.- Yerkes-Dodson Law.- References.- Name Index.