Fostering Internationalism Through Marine Science: The Journey with Pices

ISBN-13: 9783319414348 / Angielski / Twarda / 2016 / 160 str.

Sara Tjossem

Opis

This book describes the work of the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) since its launch 1992. Mapping the evolution of its agenda gives insight into the development of modern marine science in the context of competing demands of stakeholders within and outside the organization. The opening chapter consider the challenges of marine science as a large scale, and places PICES in the contexts of internationalism and science-based resource management. They also lay out the organization s longstanding focus on the development of climate science and its applications. Subsequent chapters explore the pros and cons of national vs. international science, negotiating the nature of investigation and cooperation across scientific, political and institutional boundaries in the region; national perspectives on purpose, scope, and mandates; assessing two major initiatives undertaken to date; the challenges of incorporating social science into an organization of mainly natural scientists."

Spis treści

Preface.- Background and motivation for this volume.- Outline of this book.- What to expect.- Introduction.- The role, history, and significance of scientific institutions in the development of national and international science: ICES and PICES.- PICES mission “To promote and coordinate marine scientific research in the North Pacific Ocean in order to advance scientific knowledge of the area concerned and of its living resources.”.- Founding principles.- How best to advance, apply, and disseminate scientific knowledge of the northern North Pacific Ocean?- Six member nations: Canada, Japan, People's Republic of China, Republic of Korea, Russia, and the USA.- What partnerships, inside and outside PICES, are critical to its mission?- Integrating fisheries science and oceanography without stock assessments (role of scientific advice).- What is International Science?- Growing challenges in marine affairs/science.- Potential barriers to collaboration (historical, geographical, political, financial, cultural).- Balancing individual versus collaborative achievement.- Incentives for continued engagement.- Capacity building, social capital.- Bridging diverse academic and government perspectives.- Climate science and its applications as a unifying focus.- Fusing Regional and National Science into International Science.- Internationalism and science-based resource management.- The interplay between national and international programs.- National perspectives on purpose, scope and mandates.- Institutional challenges to cooperative programs.- Bridging disciplines (oceanography, fisheries science, ecosystems).- A common language in databases?- Internal structural challenges (e.g. working groups).- Relations with external scientific and management organizations.- Building institutional and scientific capacity.- Standardization, pluralism and shared methodology.- The role of strong committee and working group chairs.- Taking the Lead on Climate Change .- First major interdisciplinary science initiative: CCCC (Climate Change and Carrying Capacity, or “The Four Cs”).- Consequences of climate variability on the ecosystems of the subarctic Pacific.- Enabling factors, accomplishments, unfinished business.- Integrating the Social and Natural Sciences.- Second major interdisciplinary science initiative: FUTURE (Forecasting and Understanding Trends, Uncertainty and Responses of North Pacific Ecosystems).- Challenges of incorporating social science into marine science.- Integrating diverse disciplinary interests and language.- Navigating Marine Science in an Age of Climate Change.- The evolution of PICES’ agenda.- Data synthesis; databases; Bering Sea Indicators; North Pacific Ecosystem Status Report.- CCCC, FUTURE.- Opportunities in modeling catastrophes.- Scientific institutions are best when they successfully balance cooperation and contention in science.- Barriers to advancing, applying, and disseminating science are many and varied, but scientific institutions provide the common tools necessary for overcoming them.- The historical, current, and future roles for building long-term commitments by both individual scientists and governments, in staying the course in increasingly troubled waters.

Blurb

This book describes the work of the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) since its launch in 1992. Mapping the evolution of its agenda gives insight into the development of modern marine science and the competing demands of stakeholders within and outside the organization. The opening chapter considers the challenges of marine science at a large scale, and places PICES in the context of internationalism and science-based resource management. It lays out the organization’s longstanding focus on the development of climate science and its applications. Subsequent chapters explore the interplay of national vs. international science, negotiating the nature of investigation and cooperation across scientific, political and institutional boundaries in the region; assessing two major initiatives undertaken to date; and the challenges of incorporating social science into an organization of mainly natural scientists.

 

PICES has played an immensely important role in developing close collaborations and interpersonal relationships among Asian and North American scientists studying the North Pacific Ocean. PICES is a bridge, and a catalyst, for interdisciplinary research and the exchange of ideas, information, and technology across the Pacific. These exchanges and friendships are the foundation of an international community that will be the wellspring of North Pacific science endeavors for years to come.  George Hunt (PICES WG 11 Co-Chair)

 

PICES is an example of how international cooperation has opened new opportunities for networking, promoted inter-disciplinary science, and transferred knowledge and technologies during the last 25 years.  Luis Valdés (former IOC-UNESCO Head of Ocean Science)

 

PICES’ close relations with both academic and agency scientists in the North Pacific have helped make global SCOR activities stronger and more relevant to the region.  Ed Urban (SCOR Executive Director)

 

PICES has been the ideal partner for ICES, another regional science organization, on global issues. Adi Kellermann (ICES Head of Science Programme)

 

PICES is a large multinational scientific community that, propelled by their belief in the Organization, has managed to achieve much more than was ever anticipated. The next 25 years will bring new challenges for PICES, which must be tackled with the same innovation and adaptability as the original ones.  Manuel Barange (GLOBEC Executive Director and ICES SCICOM Past Chair)

 

In working with ESSAS, PICES has stretched beyond the Pacific, recognizing that many of the major issues we face scientifically are similar, no matter what ocean we study.  Ken Drinkwater (ESSAS Co-Chair)