Fortschritte Der Chemie Organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products

ISBN-13: 9783709187197 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 291 str.

J. a. Elix; M. V. Sargent; Y. Shimizu

Spis treści

The Chemistry of the Limonoids from Meliaceae.- I. Introduction.- II. Classes of Limonoids.- 1. Group I. Protolimonoids and Related Triterpenes.- 2. Group II. Havanensin Group.- 3. Group III. Gedunin Group (Ring D Opened).- 4. Group IVa. Limonoids with Rings B and D Opened.- 5. Group IVb. Mexicanolide Group.- 6. Group IVc. Phragmalin Group.- 7. Group V. Methyl Ivorensate Group (Rings A, B and D Opened).- 8. Group VI. Obacunol Group (Rings A and D Opened).- 9. Group VII. Nimbin Group (Ring C Opened).- 10. Group VIII. Toonafolin Group (Ring B Opened).- 11. Group IX. Evodulone Group (Ring A Opened).- 12. Group X. Prieurianin Group (Rings A and B Opened).- III. Outlook for Future Work.- IV. Tables.- Table 1. Group 1.- Table 2. Group II.- Table 3. Group III.- Table 4. Group IV.- Table 5. Group V.- Table 6. Group VI.- Table 7. Group VII.- Table 8. Group VIII.- Table 9. Group IX.- Table 10. Group X.- Table 11. Unknown or Doubtful Structures.- References.- Recent Progress in the Chemistry of Liehen Substances.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Carbohydrates.- 2.1 Mono- and Oligosaccharides.- 2.2 Polysaccharides.- 3. Amino-acid Derivatives.- 4. 4-Ylidenetetronic Acids.- 5. Aliphatic Acids and Related Compounds.- 5.1 Straight Chain Aliphatic Acids and Related Esters, Alcohols and Lactones.- 5.2 Cn + C4 Derived Aliphatic Acids and Lactones.- 5.2.1 Acylic Acids.- 5.2.2 ?-Lactonic Acids.- 5.2.3 ?-Lactonic Acids.- 5.3 Biogenetically Atypical Aliphatic Acids and Esters.- 6. Mononuclear Phenolic Compounds from Lichens.- 6.1 Orsellinic Acid Derivatives.- 6.2 Phloroglucinol Derivatives.- 6.3 Phthalide Derivatives.- 7. Chromones.- 8. Xanthones.- 9. Anthraquinones arid Biogenetically Related Compounds.- 9.1 Anthraquinones.- 9.2 Bisanthraquinones and Bisxanthones.- 9.3 Naphthoquinones.- 10. Depsides.- 10.1 Structural Variation.- 10.1.1 Orcinol Para-Depsides.- 10.1.2 Orcinol ?-Orcinol Para-Depsides.- 10.1.3 ?-Orcinol Para-Depsides and meta-Depsides.- 10.1.4 Orcinol Tridepsides.- 10.1.5 Orcinol meta-Depsides.- 10.2 Separation of Liehen Depsides.- 10.3 Identification of Liehen Depsides.- 10.3.1 The Structure of Isolated Depsides.- 10.3.2 Identification and Detection of Depsides Without Isolation.- 10.4 Partial Synthesis of Depside Derivatives.- 10.5 Total Synthesis of Depsides.- 10.5.1 Para-Orcinol Depsides.- 10.5.2 Olivetoric Acid and Related Depsides.- 10.5.3 Synthesis of ?-Orcinol Para-Depsides, ß-Orcinol raeta-Depsides, meta-Orcinol Depsides and Orcinol Tridepsides.- 11. Depsidones and Related Diphenyl Ethers.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Orcinol Depsidones.- 11.3 ?-Orcinol Depsidones.- 11.4 Mixed Depsidones.- 11.5 Fungal Depsidones.- 11.6 Biosynthesis of Depsidones.- 12. Dibenzofurans and Biogenetically Related Compounds.- 12.1 Dibenzofurans.- 12.2 Usnic Acids.- 12.3 The Diphenyl Ether Leprolomin.- 13. Mevalonic Acid Derivatives.- 13.1 A Sesterterpene.- 13.2 Triterpenoids.- 13.2.1 Hopanes.- 13.2.2 Dammaranes.- 13.2.3 Stictanes.- 13.3 Steroids.- 13.4 Carotenoids.- 14. Liehen Chemotaxonomy.- 14.1 Replacement Type Compounds and Chemosyndromic Variation.- 14.2 Accessory Metabolites.- References.- Paralytic Shellfish Poisons.- I. Introduction.- II. Occurrence and Isolation.- III. Structure and Chemistry.- A. Saxitoxin.- B. Neosaxitoxin.- C. Gonyautoxin-II and -III.- D. Gonyautoxin-I and -IV.- E. Gonyautoxin-V and -VI (B1 and B 2 Toxins).- F. Gonyautoxin-VII.- G. Gonyautoxin-VIII (C2 Toxin).- H. C3 and C 4 Toxins.- IV. Synthesis.- V. Biosynthesis.- VI. Pharmacology.- References.- Aiithor Index.