Forensic and Medico-Legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices

ISBN-13: 9781420043082 / Angielski / Twarda / 2008 / 438 str.

Anil Aggrawal

Opis

From sexual abuse and fetishism to necrophilia and sadomasochism, this unique volume identifies fourteen classifications of unusual sexual pathologies. Emphasizing the physical and psychological aspects of sexuality itself, the book presents detailed comparisons of legal and medical definitions, historical aspects, current incidence, and geographical prevalence of these offenses. It also explores the potential causes, discussing etiological theories and reviewing psychopathology. Highlighting the cross-cultural nature of the forensic aspects of human sexuality, the book examines various case studies in the context of international legislation. It also covers minor aberrant behavior such as coprolalia and troilism.

Spis treści

SEXUAL CRIMES AND UNUSUAL SEXUAL PRACTICES—AN OVERVIEW

Introduction

Definitions

What is Normal Sexual Behavior?

Sex and Gender

Intersexuality

Sexual Orientation

Nonstandard Genders

Gender Role and Gender Identity

Sexual Identity

Sexual Minority

Sex Addiction

Objective Criteria of Sexual Deviation

Historical perspectives

DSM Classification of paraphilia

International Classification of Diseases (ICD)

Other classifications

Sadoff’s classification

Rosenham and Seligman’s Classification

Freund, Seto, and Kuban’s Classificatio

John Money’s Classification

(1) Sacrificial Paraphilias

(2) Predatory Paraphilias

(3) Mercantile Paraphilias

(4) Fetishistic Paraphilias

(5) Eligibility Paraphilias

(6) Allurement Paraphilias

Freeman’s Classification

Shaffer and Penn’s Classification

Miscellaneous Classifications

Precontact and Contact Paraphilias

Consensual and Nonconsensual Paraphilias

Etiology

Voluntary Choice

Freud’s Libido Theory

Biological Theories

Frontal and Temporal Lobe Lesions

Hippocampal Pathology

Neurodevelopmental or environmental stressors

Monoamine Hypothesis

Head Injury

Conditioning and Imprinting

Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

IRMs and Imprinting

John Money’s Lovemap theory

How are Lovemaps Formed?

Vandalized Lovemaps

Miscellaneous Theories

Epidemiology

Prevalence and Incidence

Combinations

Age

Sex

Race

Mortality/Morbidity

Relationship with Alcohol and Drugs

Co-existence with Other Disorders

Other Significant Features

Sex offenders

Offender characteristics

Clinical and laboratory assessment of paraphiliacs and sex offenders

Clinical Interview

Behavioral Assessment and Measurement

Psycho-physiological Assessment

Penile Plethysmography or Phallometry

Polygraph Assessments

Visual Reaction Time

Pupillometry

Management

Pharmacological treatment

Antiandrogens

Miscellaneous Drugs

Paraphilic prevention

PEDOPHILIA AND CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE

Introduction

Proponents of Pedophilia

Historical perspectives

Pedophilia v. Child molestation and Child sexual abuse

Etiology

Biological Theories

The Role of Hormones

Fronto-temporal Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Perturbations

Miscellaneous Brain Anomalies

Unfulfilled Sexual Needs

Conditioning

Miscellaneous Causes

Prevalence and incidence

Satanism and Ritual Sex Abuse

Offender characteristics

Victim characteristics

Sequelae

Diagnosis/Investigation

Medical Examination

Management

Legal Aspects

HIV/STDs and Child Sexual Abuse

Recovered Memory

Legal Provisions against child sexual abuse in some select jurisdictions

Australia

Western Australia

The Northern Territory

New South Wales

Canada

Germany

United Kingdom

USA

Arkansas

California

TRANSVESTIC FETISHISM

Introduction

Classification

Class I Transvestites

Class II Transvestites

Class III Transvestites

Class IV Transvestites

Class V Transvestites

Historical perspectives

Transvestism in Prehistory, Legend, and Mythology

Greco-Roman Era

The Case of Chevalier d’Eon

Modern Era

Etiology

Psychoanalytic Theories

Biological Theories

Iatrogenesis

Epidemiology

Prevalence and Incidence

Other Significant Characteristics

Management

Legal Aspects

Suicide by Transvestites

United States

Transvestism and Disability Law

Endnotes

EXHIBITIONISM

Introduction

Historical perspectives

Medieval Times

Behaviors mimicking Exhibitionism

Anasyrma

Candaulism

Mooning

Nudism

Streaking

Zoophilic Exhibitionism

Exhibitionism or Indecent Exposure?

Etiology

Courtship Disorder Theory

Biological Factors

Conditioning

Psychoanalytical Theories

Classification

Class I Exhibitionists: Fantasizing Exhibitionists

Class II Exhibitionists: Pure Exhibitionists

Class III Exhibitionists: Exhibitionistic Criminals

Class IV Exhibitionists: Exclusive Exhibitionists

Prevalence

Offender characteristics

Onset

Association with Gilles de la Tourette’s Syndrome

Family Background

Female Exhibitionists

Exhibitionism and Pedophilia

Management

Legal Aspects

Australia

The Northern Territory

Queensland

Canada

China

Germany

Hungary

Iceland

India

Japan

New Zealand

Romania

Sweden

United Kingdom

United States

Alabama

Alaska

Arkansas

California

Iowa

Rhode Island

Wisconsin

Endnotes

FETISHISM

Introduction

Partialism

Historical perspectives

Etiology

Classic Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

Psychoanalytical Theories

Biological Theories

Phylogenetic Considerations

Frontal and Temporal Lobe Lesions

Neuronal Cross-links

Genetic Factors

Miscellaneous Explanations

Prevalence

Animal models of fetishistic behavior

Offender characteristics

Classification

Class I Fetishists: Desirers

Class II Fetishists: Cravers

Class III Fetishists: Moderate Level Fetishists

Class IV Fetishists: High Level Fetishists

Types of fetishes

Fetish Subculture

Garment Fetishism

Shoes

Diaper

Leather and Latex

Second Skin Fetishism

Management

Legal Aspects

Canada

India

UK

Endnotes

VOYEURISM

Introduction

Historical perspectives

Etiology

Conditioning

Classification

Class I Voyeurs: Pseudovoyeurs

Class II Voyeurs: Opportunistic Voyeurs

Class III Voyeurs: Computer Voyeurs

Class IV Voyeurs: Video Voyeurs

Class V Voyeurs: Classical Voyeurs

Class VI Voyeurs: Criminal Voyeurs

Prevalence

Variations of voyeurism

Video Voyeurism

Downblousing

Upskirting

Zoophilic Voyeurism

Offender characteristics

Management

Legal Aspects

Australia

Queensland

Canada

India

United Kingdom

United States

Video Voyeurism

Voyeurism and Disability Law

Arkansas

Indiana

Rhode Island

Washington

Endnotes

SEXUAL MASOCHISM

Introduction

Historical perspectives

Flagellation as a Masochistic Practice

Modern Era

Etiology

Biological theories

Endorphins

Dopamine

Evolutionary Theories

Sexual Torture as Enhancer of Fertility

Pain as Enhancer of Immune System

Psychoanalytical Theories

Prevalence

Characteristics

Classification

Class I Sexual Masochists

Class II Sexual Masochists

Class III Sexual Masochists

Class IV Sexual Masochists

Legal Aspects

Validity of Consent

R v. Coney (1882)

R. v. Donovan (1934)

Reg. v. McCoy (1953)

People v. Samuels (1967)

When is the Consent to Suffer Bodily Harm Legally Valid?

Why is Consent to Suffer Bodily Harm in S/M Activities Not Valid?

R. v. Brown ([1993] 2 All England Law Reports 75)

Operation Spanner

Rulings by the Lower Courts and House of Lords

Laskey, Jaggard, and Brown v. United Kingdom, 24 Eur. H.R. Rep. 39 (1997)

Aftermath

Other Illustrative Cases

R v. Wilson (1996

Norway

SEXUAL SADISM

Introduction

Sadism and Masochism

Sadism Directed Towards Specific Groups

Anal, Oral and Phallic Sadism

Sexual Sadism Contrasted with Sadism

Historical perspectives

India

China

Rome

Middle Ages

Modern Era

Etiology

Early Speculations

Brain Abnormalities

Endocrine Abnormalities

Other Factors

Prevalence

Offender characteristics

Alcoholism and Drug Abuse

Co-existence with Other Paraphilias

Disturbances in Gender Identity

Narcissism

Classification

Class I Sexual Sadists

Class II Sexual Sadists

Class III Sexual Sadists

Class IV Sexual Sadists

Types of Sadistic Behavior

Legal Aspects

Commonwealth v. Appleby (1980)

Iowa v. Collier (1985)

People v. Jovanovic (1999)

Norway

Endnotes

FROTTEURISM

Introduction

Frotteurism v. Molestation

Frotteurism v. Frottage

Zoophilic Frotteurism

Chikan

Historical perspectives

Etiology

Classification

Class I Frotteurs: Fantasizing Frotteurs

Class II Frotteurs: Consensual Frotteurs

Class III Frotteurs: Romantic Frotteurs

Class IV Frotteurs: Exclusive Frotteurs

Epidemiology

Offender characteristics

Case Law

State Of Iowa v. Timothy Hodges (2004)

Legal Aspects

Australia

Western Australia

New South Wales

China

Iceland

India

Malaysia

Romania

USA

Alabama

Arkansas

Washington

Wisconsin

Endnotes

Appendix 1– Ages of Consent for Sexual Intercourse in Different Countries

Notes on U.S. laws

Endnotes

RAPE

Introduction

Historical perspectives

Etiology of rape and rapist typology

Incidence

Offender characteristics

Rape Index

Use of coercion

Use of deception and fraud

Sexual Intercourse Presented as a Genuine Treatment

Sexual Intercourse Presented as Genuine Treatment

Ambiguously Sexual Touching

Impersonation

Sexual Scams

Sexual Theft

Other Issues Involving Consent

Mens Rea

Sexual Intercourse with People Having Intellectual Disabilities (ID)

Difference between Consent and Submission

Rape variations

Acquaintance Rape

Drug Facilitated Sexual Assault

Gang Rape

Incest Rape

Male Rape

Marital Rape

Prison Rape

Secondary Rape

Serial Rape

Psychological sequelae

Rape Trauma Syndrome

Other Sequelae

Investigation of rape

Medical Examination of the Victim

Steps of Examination

Informed Consent

Breast Swab

Post Exposure Prophylaxis

Rape Kit

SAKiTA

Medical Examination of the Offender

Physical Evidence at the Crime Lab

Detection of Semen

DNA

Time Since Intercourse

Miscellaneous Techniques

Legal aspects

Legal Definitions of Sexual Intercourse and Rape

Traditional Definitions

Current Definitions

Is Emission Necessary to Constitute an Offence of Rape?

Rape Shield Laws

Age of Consent

HIV/STDs and Rape

Requiring Blood for HIV Testing of a Rapist Does Not Violate his Fourth

Amendment Rights

Disclosure of HIV Status of a Rapist Does Not Prejudice a Jury

Prisoner’s HIV Status

Miscellaneous Legal Aspects

Rape laws in various countries

Australia

Western Australia

South Australia

Queensland

Austria

Canada

China

India

Ireland

Namibia

New Zealand

Norway

Russia

Spain

UK

USA

Alabama

Alaska

Arkansas

Louisiana

Endnotes

ZOOPHILIA AND BESTIALITY

Introduction

Zoophilia and DSM

Historical perspectives

Bestiality in Mythology and Folklore

Bestiality in Hinduism

Bestiality in the Bible

Prehistoric Times

Greco-Roman Period

Other Civilizations

Middle Ages

Modern Era

Etiology

Sadomasochistic Theories

Familial Upbringing

Triune Brain Theory

Complication of Drug Therapy

Miscellaneous Causes

Prevalence

Classification of zoophilic behavior

Classification of zoosexuals

Class I Zoosexuals: Human Animal Role-players

Class II Zoosexuals: Romantic Zoophiles

Class III Zoosexuals: Animal Fetishists

Class IV Zoosexuals: True Zoophiles

Class V Zoosexuals: Opportunistic Bestials

Class VI Zoosexuals: Exclusive Bestials

Class VII Zoosexuals: Necrobestials and Zoosadists

Some Illustrative Cases

Rex v. Cozins

Ausman v. Veal

Khandu v. Emperor

Medical Aspects

Zoonoses

Other Medical Conditions and Injuries

Legal Aspects

Australia

Northern Territory

South Australia

Queensland

New South Wales

Tasmania

Victoria

Canada

China

Germany

Hungary

India

Criminal Law

Civil Law

UK

United States

Arkansas

California

Indiana

Wisconsin

Endnotes

SEXUAL HARASSMENT

Introduction

Historical Perspectives

Early Cases of Sexual Harassment

Williams v. Saxbe

Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson

EEOC v. Mitsubishi Motor Manufacturing

Sexual Harassment Involving Public Figures

Anita Hill and Justice Clarence Thomas

Paula Corbin Jones and Bill Clinton

Anna Richardson and Arnold Schwarzenegger

Moshe Katsav

Same-Sex Sexual Harassment

Classification of sexual harassment

Legal Classification

Behavioral Classification

Prevalence and incidence

Offender characteristics

Actions Held to be Sexual Harassment

Legal Aspects

India

Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan

Rupan Deol Bajaj v. Kanwar Pal Singh Gill

Apparel Export Promotion Council v. A.K.Chopra

The Sexual Harassment of Women at Work Place Bill, 2006

Poland

Romania

United States

Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools, 503 U.S. 60 (1992)

Endnotes

NECROPHILIA

Introduction

Necrosadism

Necrophilia in Gravediggers and Mortuary Attendants

Historical perspectives

Necrophilia in Greek Mythology

Necrophilia in Ancient Cultures

Greco-Roman Period

Middle Ages

Modern Era

Necrophilia in animals

Necrophilia and intelligence

Variations of Necrophilia

Etiology

Biological Theories

Psychoanalytical Theories

Miscellaneous Causes

Classification

Class I Necrophiliacs: Role Players

Class II Necrophiliacs: Romantic Necrophiles

Class III Necrophiliacs: People Having a Necrophilic Fantasy

Class IV Necrophiliacs: People Having a Fetishistic Necrophilia

Class V Necrophiliacs: People Having a Necromutilomania

Class VI Necrophiliacs: Opportunistic Necrophiliacs

Class VII Necrophiliacs: Regular Necrophiliacs

Class VIII Necrophiliacs: Homicidal Necrophiliacs

Class IX Necrophiliacs: Exclusive Necrophiles

Prevalence

Offender characteristics

Age

Sex

Intelligence

Sexual Orientation

Sex of the Corpses

Marital Status

History of Sadistic Acts

Nonnecrophilic Intercourse

Case Studies

Nicholas and Alexander Grunke, and Dustin Radke

Moninder Singh Pandher and Surendra Koli

Medico legal Investigation

Legal Aspects

Australia

Western Australia

Northern Territory

New South Wales

Tasmania

Victoria

Canada

France

Germany

India

United Kingdom

United States

Alabama

Alaska

Arkansas

California

Connecticut

Georgia

Iowa

Indiana

Washington

Wisconsin

Comparing and Contrasting Various Laws Regarding Necrophilia

Endnotes

INCEST

Introduction

Incest taboo

Historical perspectives

The Bible

Ancient Civilizations

Royal Dynasties

Recommendation of Incest

Modern Era

Etiology

Psychoanalytic Theories

Other Factors

Prevalence

Victim characteristics

Inbreeding co-efficient

Some Illustrative Cases

Muth v. Frank

Aizawa v. Japan

Medical Aspects

Legal Aspects

Australia

South Australia

Northern Territory

Queensland

New South Wales

Tasmania

Canada

Germany

Hungary

India

Civil law

Criminal law

Ireland

Norway

Romania

USA

Alabama

Alaska

Louisiana

Endnotes

TELEPHONE SCATOLOGIA

Introduction

Historical perspectives

Telephone Scatologia Involving Public Figures

Etiology

Pure Random and Opportunistic

Sexual Terrorism against Women

Displaced Aggression

Obscene Phone Calls as Aural Rape

Contributory Factors

Prevalence

Offender and victim characteristics

Types of Obscene Phone Callers

Class I Telephone Scatologists: Telephone Masturbators

Class II Telephone Scatologists: Tricksters

Class III Telephone Scatologists: Ingratiating Seducer

Class IV Telephone Scatologists: Shock caller

Class V Telephone Scatologists: Annoyance Creator

Class VI Telephone Scatologists: Panic Creator

Some Illustrative Cases

The Gault Decision

State v. Vines

Legal Aspects

Australia

Northern Territory

India

New Zealand

UK

USA

Alabama

Connecticut

Endnotes

TRANSSEXUALISM

Introduction

Is transsexualism a paraphilia

Historical perspectives

Etiology

Hard-wired within the Brain

Complex Family Dynamics

Two Special Oddities in the Male Transsexual

Classification

Benjamin’s Classification

Other Classifications

Stoller’s Classification

Person and Ovesey’s Classification

Classification Proposed in DSM-III

Epidemiology

Management

Legal Aspects

Recommendations of the Council of Europe

Illustrative Cases

X, Y, & Z v. United Kingdom (1997)

Endnotes

MISCELLANEOUS SEXUAL CRIMES AND PERVERSIONS

Introduction

Anal eroticism

Autoerotic asphyxia

Incidence and Prevalence

Medico Legal Aspects

Battered wife syndrome

Coprolalia

Coprophilia

Clinical Vampirism

Klismaphilia

Mutilomania

Mysophilia

Partialism

Piquerism

Pyrolagnia

Urophilia

Vomerophilia

Wife-swapping

Miscellaneous

Legal Aspects

Endnotes

Appendix 1: A comprehensive list of paraphilias

Appendix 2: Glossary

Appendix 3: Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices – A brief chronology

O autorze

Anil Aggrawal