Introduction; 1. Intertwined histories in the Pacific: the Philippines and New Spain, 1565–1764; 2. Convicts and soldiers in the Spanish Empire; 3. Poverty, criminality, and the Bourbon State; 4. Levies for the Philippines in late colonial Mexico; 5. Spontaneous requests for deportation: tribulations of parents, youngsters, and wives; 6. Unruly Mexicans in Manila: imperial goals and colonial concerns; Appendix; Sources and bibliography; Index.