Flowering Plants. Monocots: Poaceae

ISBN-13: 9783319359182 / Angielski / Miękka / 2016 / 416 str.

Elizabeth A. Kellogg

Spis treści

Poaceae – General Information

 

Description of the family

Vegetative morphology and anatomy

            Roots

            Stems

            Leaves

                        Morphology and development

                        Leaf epidermis

                        Internal anatomy of leaves

 

Inflorescence structure

            Transition to flowering

            Bract formation and inflorescence phyllotaxis

            Numbers of orders of branching

            Numbers of branches or spikelets at each order of branching

            Branch angle

            Axis elongation

            Spikelets

            Disarticulation

 

Flower structure

 

Embryology

            Ovule

            Megagametophyte

            Embryo

            Endosperm

 

Karyology and genome structure

            Chromosome number

            Polyploidy

            Genome size

            Genome mapping, sequencing and conservation of gene order

            GC content

 

Pollen

            Morphology and anther structure

            Pollination

                        Pollen transfer

                        Pollen germination and pollen tube growth

 

Fruit and seed

            Dispersal

                        Unassisted or wind dispersal

                        Dispersal in time: seed dormancy

                        Dispersal by animals

                        Role of the awn

                        Forcible dispersal

 

Phytochemistry

            Phenolics

            Derivatives of amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine)

            Terpenoids

            Chemicals produced by symbionts or pathogens

            Phytosiderophores

 

Distribution, habitats and conservation

            Distribution and maintenance of grasslands

            Distribution of major clades

            Species diversity

            Conservation and response to climate change

 

Reproductive systems

            Unisexual vs. bisexual flowers

            Self-pollination and self-incompatibility systems

            Cleistogamy

            Barriers to interspecific crossing

            Asexual reproduction

 

Fossil record and dates of diversification

 

Domestication

            Origins of major cereal crops

            Morphological changes in domestication

            Genetic and genomic changes in domestication

 

Affinities

 

Classification of the Poaceae

 

Subdivision of the family

            Key to the subfamilies

 

I. Subfamily Anomochlooideae

Spikelet clade

 

II. Subfamily Pharoideae

Bistigmatic clade

 

III. Subfamily Puelioideae

BEP + PACMAD clades

BEP clade

            Incertae sedis – Streptogyna

 

IV. Subfamily Ehrhartoideae

            Ehrhartoideae Incertae sedis – Suddia

            I. Tribe Phyllorachideae

            II. Tribe Ehrharteae

            III. Tribe Oryzeae

                        III.1. Subtribe Oryzinae

                        III.2. Subtribe Zizaniinae

 

V. Subfamily Bambusoideae

            IV. Tribe Arundinarieae

                        Clade I. Bergbambos

                        Clade II. Oldeania

                        Clade III. Chimonocalamus

                        Clade IV. Shibataea

                        Clade V. Phyllostachys

                        Clade VI. Arundinaria

                        Clade VII. Thamnocalamus

                        Clade VIII. “Indocalamus” wilsonii

                        Clade IX. Gaoligongshania

                        Clade X. Indocalamus s.s.

                        Clade XI. “Ampelocalamus” calcareus

                        Clade XII. Kuruna

            V. Tribe Bambuseae

            Neotropical clade

                        V.1. Subtribe Chusqueinae

                        V.2. Subtribe Arthrostylidiinae

                        V.3. Subtribe Guaduinae

            Paleotropical clade

                        V.4. Subtribe Bambusinae

                        V.5. Subtribe Melocanninae

                        V.6. Subtribe Hickeliinae

                        V.7. Subtribe Racemobambosinae

            VI. Tribe Olyreae

                        VI.1. Subtribe Buergersiochloinae

                        VI.2. Subtribe Parianinae

                        VI.3. Subtribe Olyrinae

 

VI. Subfamily Pooideae

            VII. Tribe Brachyelytreae

            VIII. Tribe Nardeae

            IX. Tribe Phaenospermateae

            X. Tribe Stipeae

            XI. Tribe Meliceae

            XII. Tribe Diarrheneae

            XIII. Tribe Brachypodieae

            XIV. Tribe Bromeae

            XV. Tribe Triticeae

            XVI. Tribe Poeae

                        Incertae sedis

                        XVI.1. Subtribe Torreyochloinae

                        XVI.2. Subtribe Aveninae

                        XVI.3. Subtribe Phalaridinae

                        XVI.4. Subtribe Anthoxanthinae

                        XVI.5. Subtribe Agrostidinae

                        XVI.6. Subtribe Scolochloinae

                        XVI.7. Subtribe Airinae

                        XVI.8. Subtribe Ammochloinae

                        XVI.9. Subtribe Cynosurinae

                        XVI.10. Subtribe Loliinae

                        XVI.11. Subtribe Dactylidinae

                        XVI.12. Subtribe Parapholiinae

                        XVI.13. Subtribe Sesleriinae

                        XVI.14. Subtribe Coleanthinae

                        XVI.15. Subtribe Poinae

 

PACMAD clade

VII. Subfamily Aristidoideae

 

VIII. Subfamily Panicoideae

            XVII. Tribe Steyermarkochloeae

            XVIII. Tribe Tristachyideae

            XIX. Tribe Chasmanthieae

            XX. Tribe Gynerieae

            XXI. Tribe Centotheceae

            Panicoideae s.s.

            Panicoideae s.s. incertae sedis

            XXII. Tribe Andropogoneae

                        XXII.1. Subtribe Arundinellinae

                        Andropogoneae s.s.

                        Andropogoneae s.s. incertae sedis

                        XXII.2. Subtribe Tripsacinae

                        XXII.3. Subtribe Rottboelliinae

                        XXII.4. Subtribe Ischaeminae

                        XXII.5. Subtribe Saccharinae

                        XXII.6. Subtribe Germainiinae

                        XXII.7. Subtribe Andropogoninae

         XXIII. Tribe Paspaleae

                     XXIII.1. Subtribe Arthropogoninae

                     XXIII.2. Subtribe Otachyriinae

                     XXIII.3. Subtribe Paspalinae

         XXIV. Tribe Paniceae

                     Incertae sedis

                     XXIV.1. Subtribe Anthephorinae

                     XXIV.2. Subtribe Boivinellinae

                     XXIV.3. Subtribe Neurachninae

                     XXIV.4. Subtribe Cenchrinae

                     XXIV.5. Subtribe Melinidinae

                     XXIV.6. Subtribe Panicinae

 

IX. Subfamily Danthonioideae

 

X. Subfamily Chloridoideae

            XXV. Tribe Centropodieae

                        Core C₄ Chloridoideae, incertae sedis

            XXVI. Tribe Triraphideae

            XXVII. Tribe Eragrostideae

                        Incertae sedis

                        XXVII.1. Subtribe Cotteinae

                        XXVII.2. Subtribe Eragrostidinae

                        XXVII.3. Subtribe Uniolinae

            XXVIII. Tribe Zoysieae

            XXIX. Tribe Cynodonteae

                        Incertae sedis

                        XXIX.1. Subtribe Boutelouinae

                        XXIX.2. Subtribe Orcuttiinae

                        XXIX.3. Subtribe Gouiniinae

                        XXIX.4. Subtribe Triodiinae

                        XXIX.5. Subtribe Eleusininae

                        XXIX.6. Subtribe Tripogoninae

                        XXIX.7. Subtribe Pappophorinae

 

XI. Subfamily Micrairoideae

 

XII. Subfamily Arundinoideae