Fishes of the Dakotas

ISBN-13: 9783031380396 / Twarda / 2024 / 486 str.

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Table of Contents

Table of Contentsiii

Acknowledgementsx

Chapter 1: Waters and Geology of the Dakotas1

1.1 The Dakotas1

1.2 Level III Ecoregions4

Lake Agassiz Plain5

Western Corn Belt Plains6

Northern Glaciated Plains6

Northwestern Glaciated Plains7

Northwestern Great Plains7

Nebraska Sand Hills8

High Plains8

Middle Rockies8

1.3 Major Rivers of the Dakotas9

1.3.1 Mississippi River Basin11

Missouri River Drainage (Mississippi River Basin)11

Upper Mississippi River Drainage (Mississippi River Basin)18

1.3.2 Nelson River Basin18

Red River of the North Drainage (Nelson River Basin)19

Chapter 2: History of Ichthyology in the Dakotas26

2.1 Prehistoric Fishes26

2.2 1800s26

2.3 Early 1900s28

2.4 Post Reservoir Construction: 1950s to Today30

Chapter 3: Distribution and Status of Fishes in the Dakotas40

3.1 Distribution40

3.2 Unsubstantiated Species40

Chapter 4: Collection, Preservation, and Identification57

4.1 Collection57

4.2 Preservation57

4.3 Identification57

4.4 Equipment58

4.5 Body Plan58

4.6 Fins60

4.7 Scales62

4.8 Counts and Measurements63

4.9 Dissection67

Chapter 5: Dichotomous Keys69

5.1 Key to the Families of Fishes in the Dakotas69

5.2 Key to Lampreys of North Dakota and South Dakota78

5.3 Key to Sturgeons of North Dakota and South Dakota78

5.4 Key to Paddlefish of North Dakota and South Dakota79

5.5 Key to Gars of North Dakota and South Dakota79

5.6 Key to Bowfin of North Dakota and South Dakota80

5.7 Key to Eels of North Dakota and South Dakota80

5.8 Key to Mooneyes of North Dakota and South Dakota80

5.9 Key to Shad of North Dakota and South Dakota81

5.10 Key to Thread Herrings of North Dakota and South Dakota81

5.11 Key to Suckers of North Dakota and South Dakota81

5.13 Key to Sharpbellies of North Dakota and South Dakota86

5.14 Key to Minnows of North Dakota and South Dakota86

5.15 Key to Catfish of North Dakota and South Dakota94

5.16 Key to Pikes and Mudminnows of North Dakota and South Dakota96

5.17 Key to Salmonids of North Dakota and South Dakota97

5.18 Key to Smelts of North Dakota and South Dakota99

5.19 Key to Trout-Perch of North Dakota and South Dakota99

5.20 Key to Burbot of North Dakota and South Dakota99

5.21 Key to Cichlids of North Dakota and South Dakota99

5.22 Key to Topminnows of North Dakota and South Dakota100

5.23 Key to Centrarchids of North Dakota and South Dakota100

5.24 Key to Temperate Basses of North Dakota and South Dakota101

5.25 Key to Percids of North Dakota and South Dakota102

5.26 Key to Drums of North Dakota and South Dakota104

5.27 Key to Sticklebacks of North Dakota and South Dakota104

Chapter 6: Species Accounts105

6.1 Species Accounts105

6.2 Petromyzontidae, Lamprey Family107

Chestnut Lamprey Ichthyomyzon castaneus108

Silver Lamprey Ichthyomyzon unicuspis112

6.3 Acipenseridae, Sturgeon Family116

Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens117

Pallid Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus122

Shovelnose Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus127

6.4 Polyodontidae, Paddlefish Family131

Paddlefish Polyodon spathula132

6.5 Lepisosteidae, Gar Family137

Longnose Gar Lepisosteus osseus138

Shortnose Gar Lepisosteus platostomus142

6.6 Amiidae, Bowfin Family146

Emerald Bowfin Amia ocellicauda147

6.7 Anguillidae, Freshwater Eel Family151

American Eel Anguilla rostrata152

6.8 Hiodontidae, Mooneye Family158

Goldeye Hiodon alosoides159

Mooneye Hiodon tergisus163

6.9 Alosidae, Shad Family167

Skipjack Herring Alosa chrysochloris168

Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus172

6.10 Dorosomatidae, Thread Herring Family176

Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum177

Threadfin Shad Dorosoma petenense182

6.11 Catostomidae, Sucker Family186

River Carpsucker Carpiodes carpio187

Quillback Carpiodes cyprinus191

Highfin Carpsucker Carpiodes velifer195

Longnose Sucker Catostomus catostomus199

White Sucker Catostomus commersonii203

Blue Sucker Cycleptus elongatus207

Smallmouth Buffalo Ictiobus bubalus211

Bigmouth Buffalo Ictiobus cyprinellus215

Black Buffalo Ictiobus niger219

Silver Redhorse Moxostoma anisurum223

River Redhorse Moxostoma carinatum227

Golden Redhorse Moxostoma erythrurum231

Shorthead Redhorse Moxostoma macrolepidotum235

Greater Redhorse Moxostoma valenciennesi239

Plains Sucker Pantosteus jordani243

6.12 Cyprinidae, Barb and Carp Family247

Goldfish Carassius auratus248

Common Carp Cyprinus carpio252

6.13 Xenocyprididae, Sharpbelly Family257

Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella258

Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix263

Bighead Carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis268

6.14 Leuciscidae, Minnow Family273

River Shiner Alburnops blennius274

Central Stoneroller Campostoma anomalum278

Largescale Stoneroller Campostoma oligolepis282

Northern Redbelly Dace Chrosomus eos286

Southern Redbelly Dace Chrosomus erythrogaster290

Finescale Dace Chrosomus neogaeus294

Lake Chub Couesius plumbeus298

Red Shiner Cyprinella lutrensis302

Spotfin Shiner Cyprinella spiloptera306

Bigmouth Shiner Ericymba dorsalis310

Spottail Shiner Hudsonius hudsonius314

Western Silvery Minnow Hybognathus argyritis318

Brassy MinnowHybognathus hankinsoni322

Plains Minnow Hybognathus placitus326

Common Shiner Luxilus cornutus330

Sturgeon Chub Macrhybopsis gelida334

Shoal Chub Macrhybopsis hyostoma338

Sicklefin Chub Macrhybopsis meeki342

Silver Chub Macrhybopsis storeriana347

Northern Pearl Dace Margariscus nachtriebi351

Pugnose Shiner Miniellus anogenus356

Sand Shiner Miniellus stramineus360

Topeka Shiner Miniellus topeka364

Hornyhead Chub Nocomis biguttatus369

Golden Shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas373

Emerald Shiner Notropis atherinoides377

Blacknose Shiner Notropis heterolepis381

Carmine Shiner Notropis percobromus385

Silverband Shiner Paranotropis shumardi389

Mimic Shiner Paranotropis volucellus393

Suckermouth Minnow Phenacobius mirabilis397

Bluntnose Minnow Pimephales notatus401

Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas405

Flathead Chub Platygobio gracilis410

Longnose Dace Rhinichthys cataractae415

Western Blacknose Dace Rhinichthys obtusus420

Rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus424

Creek Chub Semotilus atromaculatus428

6.15 Ictaluridae, North American Catfish Family433

Black Bullhead Ameiurus melas434

Yellow Bullhead Ameiurus natalis438

Brown Bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus442

Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus446

Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus450

Stonecat Noturus flavus454

Tadpole Madtom Noturus gyrinus458

Flathead Catfish Pylodictis olivaris462

6.16 Esocidae, Pike and Mudminnow Family466

Redfin Pickerel Esox americanus467

Northern Pike Esox lucius471

Muskellunge Esox masquinongy475

Central Mudminnow Umbra limi479

6.17 Salmonidae, Salmon, Trout, and Char Family483

Cisco Coregonus artedi484

Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis489

Coastal Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii494

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss497

Kokanee Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka501

Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha504

Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar508

Brown Trout Salmo trutta512

Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis517

Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush522

6.18 Osmeridae, Smelt Family526

Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax527

6.19 Percopsidae, Trout-Perch Family531

Trout-Perch Percopsis omiscomaycus532

6.20 Gadidae, Cod Family535

Burbot Lota lota536

6.21 Cichlidae, Cichlid Family540

Jack Dempsey Rocio octofasciata541

6.22 Fundulidae, Topminnow and Killifish Family545

Banded Killifish Fundulus diaphanous546

Northern Plains Killifish Fundulus kansae550

Plains Topminnow Fundulus sciadicus554

6.23 Centrarchidae, Sunfish Family559

Rock Bass Ambloplites rupestris560

Green Sunfish Lepomis cyanellus564

Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus568

Orangespotted Sunfish Lepomis humilis572

Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus576

Redear Sunfish Lepomis microlophus581

Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu585

Largemouth Bass Micropterus nigricans589

White Crappie Pomoxis annularis593

Black Crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus597

6.24 Moronidae, Temperate Bass Family601

White Bass Morone chrysops602

Yellow Bass Morone mississippiensis606

Striped Bass Morone saxatilis610

6.25 Percidae, Perch and Darter Family615

Iowa Darter Etheostoma exile616

Johnny Darter Etheostoma nigrum620

Yellow Perch Perca flavescens624

Logperch Percina caprodes630

Blackside Darter Percina maculata634

Slenderhead Darter Percina phoxocephala638

River Darter Percina shumardi642

Sauger Sander canadensis646

Zander Sander lucioperca651

Walleye Sander vitreus655

6.26 Sciaenidae, Drum and Croaker Family660

Freshwater Drum Aplodinotus grunniens661

6.27 Gasterosteidae, Stickleback Family665

Brook Stickleback Culaea inconstans666

7 Glossary669

 

O autorze

Dr. Michael Barnes is the Hatchery Program Administrator at the South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks, USA. He was a research/writer for nearly 30 years before got assigned administrative duties. He had published over 200 articles on fish biology, aquaculture, aquaculture engineering, education, hatchery administration, and occupational safety and health.

Blurb

This book describes all of the fishes found in North and South Dakota, USA. It contains a description of the waters and geology of the two states, information on the major rivers and water basins, detailed distribution tables, and a dichotomous key (already tested and in university use). A brief description of each fish family is included, and for each individual fish species found in North and South Dakota, high resolution color images, range maps, descriptions, and life histories are included. All of the information is referenced. The book also shows all of the fish sampling sites, briefly describes the history of fish sampling and identification in the Dakotas, and mentions the prominent individuals. This is the first book of its kind - the first comprehensive compilation describing every fish found in the Dakotas with all of the supplemental information.