Fieldwork Ready: An Introductory Guide to Field Research for Agriculture, Environment, and Soil Scientists

ISBN-13: 9780891183754 / Angielski / Miękka / 2021 / 272 str.

Sara Veto

Spis treści

List of Photo Contributors xiPreface xiiAcknowledgments xiii1 Introduction 1What is "Fieldwork?" 1Who Does Fieldwork? 5Why Am I Doing this? 8References 182 Types of Fieldwork 19Experimental Design 19Plot Experiment 19Survey 22Case Study 24Monitoring 26Sampling Design 29Event Sampling 32Grab Versus Composite Sampling 33Sampling for Laboratory Studies 35References 353 Preparation 37Site Selection 37Where Do I Need to Look? 37Risk Assessment 40Emergency 45Equipment 46Tools 46Consumables 49Maps, Apps, and Fieldsheets 49Local or Regional Maps 52Sketch Maps 52Plot Diagrams 53Mobile Apps 54Field Sheets 55Photographs 57Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 61Vehicles 63Weather 68Target Conditions 68Precipitation 69Humidity and Temperature 70Wind 73Sunlight 73Soil Conditions 73River Conditions 75ConcludingRemarks 76References 764 Logistics 77Communication 77Your Team 79The Local Community 81Officials 82The Buddy System 83Checklists 85The Importance of the "Trial Run" 85In the Field 86Things Go Wrong! 87Delays 87Errors 88Standard Operating Procedures and Quality Control 89Accidents 90Vandalism, Theft, and Interference 93Moving On 93Taking Care of Yourself in the Field 94Dressing for the Field 94Hydration 99Food 100Toilet 101Moving in the Outdoors 102Fatigue 105Personal Safety 106Stress 107Accommodation 109SampleManagement 110Packaging Samples 110Labeling 113Wildlife 114A Note on Insects 115Domestic Animals 116Zoonoses and Biosecurity 117References 1215 Environmental Monitoring 123Resolution, Precision, Accuracy, and Hysteresis 123Monitoring Arrays: An Overview 126Components 129Logger-Box or Enclosure 129The Data-Logger 129Power 132Power Calculation -- Example 136Sensors 138Air, Soil, and Water Temperature 138Stage 139Humidity 140Wind Speed 140Rain Gauges 140Volumetric Soil Water Content 142Matric Potential 144Step-by-Step Installation 145References 1546 Soil Techniques 157Soil Sampling Equipment 157Soil Survey 157Pore-Water Sampling 179References 1817 Water Techniques 182Surface Water Sampling -- Freshwater 183Instream Parameters 184Stream Width and Depth 184Physico-Chemical Parameters 186Using a Multiparameter Probe 187Sampling for Laboratory Analysis 190Autosamplers 193Sediment (Bed, Bank, and Water Column) 196Groundwater Sampling 203Microbial and Sterile Sampling 208Soil and Sediments 209Water 209Sample Preservation 210References 2118 Plants 213Finding a Slope 213Randomizing Plots 214MarkingField Plots 214Applying Treatment to Field Plots 216Phenology 219Wheat 220Corn 221Perennial Forage Grasses 222Soybeans 223Vegetation Sampling 224Root Sampling 231Plant Height 232Yield 235Forage Crops 235Grain Crops 238References 2399 Animal Techniques 242Live-Catch Trapping 242Use of Trail Cameras 247References 249

O autorze

Sara E. Vero is a lecturer in agricultural science at Waterford Institute of Technology, in Waterford, Ireland, with a background in soil physics, chemistry, water quality, and sustainability.