Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects

ISBN-13: 9781461296621 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 246 str.

E. L. Abel

Opis

I have written this book because I felt there was a need to bring together in one place the vast amount of research that has been published in the past 10 years concerning alcohol's effects on the conceptus. My hope is that this book will be of value to the many clinicians, basic research scientists, social workers, and others who are interested in this important issue. The number of such publications continues to grow each year, and it was a very difficult task to review even a proportion of them completely. While I have cited many of these research studies, only those that in my very subjective opinion warranted extended coverage were discussed. In this regard, much of my . ask was facilitated by the many excellent reviews that have already been written. To those whose important contributions have not been discussed or cited, I offer my sincere apologies. Omission of these publications in most cases reflects my own personal interests or awareness, rather than merit.

Spis treści

1. Is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome a New Discovery?.- The Biblical and Postbiblical Eras.- Greece and Rome.- The Middle Ages.- Early Epidemiological Studies.- Elderton—Pearson Controversy.- Early “Animal Model” Studies.- References.- 2. Pharmacology of Alcohol Relating to Pregnancy and Lactation.- Absorption and Route of Administration.- Distribution.- Distribution to the Fetus.- Distribution to the Neonate.- Metabolism.- Elimination.- Toxic Blood Alcohol Levels.- Withdrawal.- References.- 3. Consumption Patterns for Alcohol during Pregnancy.- Total per capita Consumption.- Consumption during Pregnancy.- The “Perinatal-Protective” Mechanism.- At-Risk Levels of Consumption.- References.- 4. Acute Effects of Alcohol on the Fetus.- References.- 5. Adverse Consequences of Drinking during Pregnancy.- Spontaneous Abortion.- Alcohol versus the Alcoholic.- Stillbirths.- Neonatal Mortality.- References.- 6. Incidence of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects.- Estimated Incidence.- References.- 7. Intrauterine Growth Retardation.- Clinical and Epidemiological Studies.- Preterm Delivery.- Hormonal Factors in Growth.- Amino Acids, DNA, Protein.- Protein Synthesis and Accretion.- Trace Elements.- Postnatal Growth Retardation.- Summary.- References.- 8. Head and Facial Abnormalities.- References.- 9. Disorders of Bodily Organs.- Cardiac Disorders.- Kidney and Urogenital Tract Anomalies.- Liver Anomalies.- Genital Anomalies.- Limb and Joint Anomalies and Other Skeletal Disorders.- Neural-Tube Defects.- Carcinogenesis.- References.- 10. Disorders of the Central Nervous System.- Behavioral Deficits.- Structural and Biochemical Changes in the Brain.- References.- 11. Risk Factors for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Fetal Alcohol Effects.- Maternal Age.- Nutritional Status.- Parity.- Length of Gestation.- Birth Interval.- Sex Differences.- Marital Status.- Paternal Factors.- Placenta Size and Function.- Maternal Infections and Complications of Pregnancy.- Hormonal Imbalances and Endocrinopathy.- Genetic Factors.- Multiple Drug Use.- Poverty and Physical Stress.- Obstetric Factors.- Obstetric Medication.- References.- 12. “Animal Models” for Fetal Alcohol Effects.- Studies in Animals.- Methodological Issues.- References.- 13. Mechanisms of Action.- Alcohol-Induced Hypoxia.- References.- 14. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Case of Prenatal Child Abuse?.- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in the Canadian Courts.- “Diminished Life”.- Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Negligence.- References.- 15. Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.- The Labeling Issue.- National Education Efforts.- Other National Efforts.- Public Information at the State Level.- Evaluation of Information/Education Campaigns.- Summary and Conclusions.- Identification and Treatment of Alcohol-Related Problems in Prenatal Clinics.- References.