1. Introduction, Mirjam Künkler and Devin Stewart; 2. Forgotten Histories of Female Religious Authority in Islam, Mirjam Künkler; 3. Umm Salamah: A Female Authority Legitimating the Authorities, Yasmin Amin; 4. Heiress to the Prophet: Fatima as Inheritor of Her Father’s Legacy, Alyssa Gabbay; 5. Female Authority in the Times of the Shi‘i Imams, Liyakat Takim; 6. “She should not raise her voice when amongst men”: Im?m? arguments against (and for) women judges, Robert Gleave; 7. Husniyyah’s Debate at the Court of Harun al-Rashid: Sectarian Polemics and Female Religious Authority, Devin Stewart; 8. Princesses, Patronage, and the Production of Knowledge in Safavid Iran, Yusuf Ünal; 9. The Lives of Two Mujtahidahs: Female Religious Authority in 20th Century Iran, Mirjam Künkler and Roja Fazaeli; 10. The “Other Half of the Mission”: Amina Bint al-Hudà (al-Sadr) as Wakil for Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr? Raffaele Mauriello; 11. Speaking in the Name of Zaynab: Female Shi‘i Religious Authority in Syria, Edith Szanto; 12. Women’s Religious Seminaries in Iran: A Diversified System Despite State Attempts at Unification and Standardization, Maryam Rutner; 13. Cover Art: Laylî as Queen of Heaven by Muhammadî of Herât, ca. 1565, Michael Barry.