Extraterrestrial Remote Sensing and Climate Change

ISBN-13: 9781119164623 / Angielski / Twarda / 2023 / 350 str.

Mukherjee, Saumitra

Opis

The proposed monograph on "Remote sensing of Sun-Earth Climate" is a new concept being established by the author after a passionate research in this field for more than two decades. Main objective of the monograph is to initiate the use of extra terrestrial remote sensing applications to understand the Environment of the Earth and other planets of the solar system. Environmental changes of the Earth and Atmosphere are being studied based on the interaction of different anthropogenic activities and its effects. The influence of Sun and other celestial objects on the Earth and other planets has been observed by using the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) satellite which is placed in between Sun and Earth. Unlike other satellites, SOHO does not rotate around Earth but it rotates around the Sun and it is 1.5 million kilometers away from the Earth. From Sun, the Sunspot erupts through the corona of the Sunspots as well as intermittent solar flare. These variables are measured as Electron flux (E-flux), Proton flux (P-flux), X-ray flux and Planetary indices (Kp). These variables show erratic behavior which is showing pro- and anti- correlation with various environmental changes in space and time. The monograph includes not only the information pertaining with the changes on the Earth but it concerns about the changes in other planets and their Moons also. The information inferred from different Environment other than the Earth may be useful for calibrating the Environmental Changes within the Earth and its comparison with the Environment of other planets and satellites in the Solar system. The monograph will emphasize not only on the Earth and Planetary Sciences fields but it will improve the knowledge on the influence of distantly placed celestial objects including Sun and Star. The proposed monograph is based on the hypothesis of extra terrestrial changes to initiate the climate change on the Earth. During these extra terrestrial changes it has been observed that the earth changes in its atmosphere as well as geosphere, which may have local effect but the increase of these local effects in large scale may contribute to the climate change. Solar radiation drives atmospheric circulation. Since solar radiation represents almost all the energy available to the Earth, accounting for solar radiation and how it interacts with the atmosphere and the Earth's surface is fundamental to understanding the Earth's energy budget. Similar to the Earth it has been found to be relevant with other planets of the Solar system which also show remarkable changes during the varied influences by the Sun and other materials from the outer space.Most of the statistical scientific data were not able to answer satisfactorily the erratic behavior of climate. Earth is a tiny part of the Universe and it is linked with the changes of Sun and other celestial bodies. We are continuously facing the changes in the climate due to changes in the sun and in the intensity of cosmic rays and other collateral changes imposed on the Earth. It has been observed that these changes are taking place before any episodic changes on the Earth. An attempt is made here to simulate the climate change based on the abrupt changes in the atmosphere and geosphere of the earth during solar eclipse.

Spis treści

Preface viiiAcknowledgments ix1 Extraterrestrial Remote Sensing 11.1 Introduction 12 Principles of Remote Sensing of Sun-Earth Climate 72.1 Introduction 72.2 SEVAN Data Interpretation for Solar Influence on Climate Change 92.3 Changes Within the Sun in 24 Hours and Its Effect on the Environment of the Earth 123 Extraterrestrial Remote Sensing Satellites 173.1 Introduction 173.2 Workstation Requirements 203.3 Sun Heliophysical Observatory (SOHO) Interdisciplinary Science Matrix 214 Extraterrestrial Satellite Data Collection and Interpretation 284.1 Introduction 284.2 The Sunspot Activities 344.2.1 Solar Flares Behave Like a Twinkling Butterfly 345 Terrestrial Satellite Data Correlation with Extraterrestrial Satellite Data 405.1 Morphological Units 425.2 Terrestrial Correlation 425.3 Geomorphology of Terrestrial Analogue 435.4 Landform Features of Terrestrial Analogue 445.5 Terrain Roughness Index 445.6 Mineralogy of Soil Samples 455.7 Exploration Missions 466 Solar Eclipse and Climate Change 516.1 Introduction 516.2 The Data Interpretation 516.2.1 Tropospheric NO2 Data 526.2.2 Aerosol Data 526.2.3 Cloud Data 536.2.4 Cosmic Ray Data 536.2.5 Electron Flux Data 537 Snowfall Influenced by the Changes in the Sun 657.1 Introduction 657.2 Sun-Earth Cosmic Connection in Glacier and Snowfall 667.3 Star-Sun Influence on the Earth's Atmosphere 688 Rainfall Prediction by Cosmic Ray Variability 748.1 Introduction 748.2 Cosmic Rays and Rainfall 748.3 JNU, New Delhi, India, Showing Sudden Rise in Cosmic Particle Count Rate on 10 April 2012 778.4 Influence of Solar Activity onWeather Prediction 799 Earthquake Prediction by Using Solar and Cosmic Ray Data 839.1 Introduction 839.2 National Capital Region, India: Tectonics and Extraterrestrial Influence 839.3 Gujarat, Kutch, India Region: Tectonics and Extraterrestrial Influence 8610 Global Warming and Changes in the Sun 9210.1 Introduction 9210.2 Impact of Solar Changes on GlobalWarming 9310.3 Arguments in Contradiction to the View of GlobalWarming 10211 Extraterrestrial Remote Sensing of Planets 10511.1 Introduction 10511.2 Radio Emissions of JupiterWere Inferred to Establish Its Magnetic Field 10611.3 Planets Influenced by Pleiades 10911.4 Influence of the Solar Storms Affects Saturn 11112 Remote Sensing of the Moon of the Earth 11412.1 Landing Site Selection Based on Morphology and Mineralogy of the Basin 12112.2 Morphological Study of the Crater 12612.2.1 Fractures on Crater Floor 12612.2.2 Central Peak 12612.2.3 TerracedWalls 12612.2.4 Rampart Crater 12712.2.5 Formation of Catena Krafft 12712.2.6 Rays Around the Crater 12912.3 Morphological Variations in Light of Mineralogy of the Study Area 129References 131Further Reading 13213 Remote Sensing of Mars 134Further Reading 14114 Future of Extraterrestrial Remote Sensing 14614.1 Introduction 14614.2 High-resolution Extraterrestrial Investigation 14714.3 Ionosphere Monitoring Satellite 149Further Reading 156Index 159

O autorze

Saumitra Mukherjee, Professor, Geology and Remote Sensing, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.