Experiments in Achieving Water and Food Self-Sufficiency in the Middle East: The Consequences of Contrasting Endowments, Ideologies, and Investment Po

ISBN-13: 9781581122985 / Angielski / Miękka / 2006 / 212 str.

Elie Elhadj

Opis

The book aims to quantify and analyze how two water scarce but ideologically different Middle Eastern political economies, Saudi Arabia and Syria, addressed water sector investment between 1980 and 2000. The study examines how narrow-coalitions of decision-makers obsessed by impossible-to-achieve food self-sufficiency goals, lacking environmental consideration and safe political processes contributed to massively waste scarce resources and unsustainable water policies.The book shows that of Saudi Arabias US$1,034 billion in oil revenues (1974-2001), 48% was spent on security, plus 10% on the ruling family. Nominal Per capita income dropped by 42% (1981-2000). Syrias per capita income dropped (1985-2000) by 17%, to US$1,200. Armaments consumed (1970-1990) 13% of GDP.Agricultural investment was wasteful. Saudis produced wheat at five times the international price, depleted 300 billion m3 of mainly non-renewable groundwater and degraded aquifers quality. 53% of Saudis have no municipal water connections. Syrias Government return on agricultural investment in 2000 was estimated at US$150 million loss. Aquifers quality was degraded, leaving most urban households enduring acute water shortages.