Evaluating What Works

ISBN-13: 9781032590615 / Miękka / 2023 / 248 str.

UK) Thompson Paul (University of Warwick

Opis

Objective intervention research is vital to improve outcomes, but this is a complex area, where it is all too easy to misinterpret evidence. This book uses practical examples to increase awareness of the numerous sources of bias that can lead to mistaken conclusions when evaluating interventions.

Spis treści

1. Introduction  2. Why observational studies can be misleading  3. How to select an outcome measure  4. Improvement due to nonspecific effects of intervention  5. Limitations of the pre-post design: biases related to systematic change  6. Estimating unwanted effects with a control group  7. Controlling for selection bias: randomized assignment to intervention  8. The researcher as a source of bias  9. Further potential for bias: volunteers, dropouts, and missing data  10. The randomized controlled trial as a method for controlling biases  11. The importance of variation  12. Analysis of a two-group RCT  13. How big a sample do I need? Statistical power and type II errors  14. False positives, p-hacking and multiple comparisons  15. Drawbacks of the two-arm RCT  16. Moderators and mediators of intervention effects  17. Adaptive Designs  18. Cluster Randomized Controlled Trials  19. Cross-over designs  20. Single case designs  21. Can you trust the published literature?  22. Pre-registration and Registered Reports  23. Reviewing the literature before you start  24. Putting it all together  25. Comments on exercises  26. References

O autorze

Dorothy Bishop was Professor of Developmental Neuropsychology at the University of Oxford from 1998 to 2022. Dorothy is a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences, a Fellow of the British Academy, and a Fellow of the Royal Society. She been recognised with Honorary Fellowships from the Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists, the British Psychological Society, and the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health. She has Honorary Doctorates from the Universities of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, Western Australia, Lund, Sweden, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, and Liège, Belgium. She is an Honorary Fellow of St John’s College, Oxford.

Paul Thompson is an Assistant Professor in Applied Statistics and the department lead for statistics and quantitative methods at the Centre for Educational Development, Appraisal and Research (CEDAR) at the University of Warwick. Between 2014 and 2021 he worked at Oxford University within the Department of Experimental Psychology, working on a wide range of projects including behavioural, genetics, and neuroimaging (brain scanning) studies in developmental language disorders such as Dyslexia, and Developmental Language Disorder, and language development in those with learning and developmental disabilities, such as Down Syndrome and Autism.