Eukaryotic Membranes and Cytoskeleton: Origins and Evolution

ISBN-13: 9780387740201 / Angielski / Twarda / 2007 / 145 str.

Jékely, Gáspár

Opis

Eukaryotic Membranes and Cytoskeleton: Origins and Evolution discusses the evolutionary origin and diversification of eukaryotic endomembranes and cytoskeleton from a cell biological and comparative genomic perspective. Many of the chapters present original research data from comparative genomic surveys. The presence/absence of gene families with central roles in endomembrane and cytoskeleton dynamics in a variety of eukaryotic taxa and an understanding of eukaryote phylogeny allow us to accurately reconstruct the cellular machineries present in the last common ancestor of eukaryotes. Such a reconstruction is fundamental if we are to understand eukaryotic diversification since this is the ancestral cell from which all diversity arose. Comparative genomics can likewise tell us which lineages expanded or reduced certain gene families and the associated cellular machineries.

Spis treści

CONTENTS PREFACE ............................................................................................................ V 1. THE EARLY EUKARYOTIC FOSSIL RECORD ....................................... 1 Emmanuelle J. Javaux Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 The Geological Record ........................................................................................................ 2 Dating Biological Innovations .......................................................................................... 10 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 15 2. THE DIVERSITY OF EUKARYOTES AND THE ROOT OF THE EUKARYOTIC TREE......................................................... 20 Henner Brinkmann and Hervé Philippe Woese’s Paradigm .............................................................................................................. 20 Progresses in Tree Reconstruction Methods and in Sequencing: The Promise of Phylogenomics ................................................................................. 21 The Root of the Tree of Life .............................................................................................. 25 'Primitive' Eukaryotes: A Second Major Paradigm Shift ............................................ 26 Current Status of the Eukaryotic Phylogeny .................................................................. 27 Molecular Dating ............................................................................................................... 29 From Simple Organism to Simple Processes .................................................................. 31 3. ORIGIN OF EUKARYOTICENDOMEMBRANES: A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT MODEL SCENARIOS ............... 38 Gáspár Jékely Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 38 Physico-Chemical Constraints of Membrane Topogenesis ............................................ 39 Symbiotic Scenarios for the Origin of the Nucleus and Endomembranes ................... 40 Origin of Endomembranes by de Novo Vesicle Formation ........................................... 44 Autogenous Scenarios ....................................................................................................... 45 Interspecific Interactions at the Origin of Eukaryotic Endomembranes ...................49 xiv Contents 4. ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION OF COTRANSLATIONAL TRANSPORT TO THE ER................................................................. 52 Thomas U. Schwartz Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 52 Mediators of Cotranslational Transport ......................................................................... 53 The Control of Cotranslational Targeting ....................................................................... 55 Evolutionary Considerations ............................................................................................ 57 5. EVOLUTION OF THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM AND THE GOLGI COMPLEX.......................................................... 61 Alexander A. Mironov, Victor V. Banin, Irina S. Sesorova, Viacheslav V. Dolgikh, Alberto Luini and Galina V. Beznoussenko Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 61 Common and Peculiar Features of the