Ethnobotany of the Himalayas

ISBN-13: 9783030574079 / Angielski / Twarda / 2021 / 2185 str.

Hassan Sher; Ripu Kunwar; Rainer W. Bussmann

Spis treści

Part I: Ethnobotany of the Himalayas: The Hindukush and Karakoram.- Ethnobotany of the Himalayas: The Indian Himalaya (Garhwal Himalaya).- Ethnobotany of the Himalayas:The Nepal, Bhutanese, and Tibetan Himalayas.-

Part II: Abies pindrow (Royle ex D. Don.) Royle Abies spectabilis (D. Don) Spach Pinaceae.- Acantholimon lycopodioides (Girard) Boiss. Plumbaginaceae.- Achillea millefolium L. ssp. millefolium Asteraceae.- Acmella calva (DC.) R.K. Jansen Asteraceae.- Aconitum atrox Walp.; Aconitum ferox Wall.  ex. Ser.; Aconitum balfourii Stapf.; Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle; Aconitum laeve Royle; Aconitum spicatum Stapf; Aconitum violaceum Jacq. ex Stapf var. violaceum.- Aconogonon coriarium (Grig.) Sojak. Aconogonon tortuosum (D.Don) Hara var. tibetanum (Meisn.) S.-P.Hong: Polygonaceae.- Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb. Apiaceae.- Aesculus indica (Wall. ex Cambess.) Hook. Sapindaceae.- Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob. Asteraceae.- Ajuga brachystemon Maxim. Ajuga parviflora Benth. in Wall. Lamiaceae.- Allium carolinianum DC. Allium griffithianum Boiss. Allium humile Kunth Allium jacquemontii Regel Allium oreoprasum Schrenk Amaryllidaceae.- Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Apocynaceae.- Amomum subulatum Roxb. Zingiberaceae.- Ampelocissus latifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Vitaceae.- Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) DC. Asteraceae.- Anaphalis adnata DC. Anaphalis busua (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) DC. Anaphalis contorta (D. Don) Hook. f. Anaphalis triplinervis (Sims) C.B. Clarke Asteraceae.- Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall. Acanthaceae.- Angelica glauca Edgew. Apiaceae.- Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze Lamiaceae.- Aquilaria sinensis (Loureiro) Sprengel Aquilaria yunnanensis S. C. Huang Thymelaeaceae.- Arisaema flavum (Forssk.) Schott Araceae.- Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I. M. Johnst. Boraginaceae.- Artemisia absinthium L.; Artemisia biennis Willd.; Artemisia bigelowii A. Gray; Artemisia brevifolia Wall. ex DC; Artemisia scoparia Waldst. ex Kit.; Artemisia vulgaris L..- Asparagus racemosus Willd. Asparagaceae.- Astilbe rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don. Saxifragaceae.- Astragalus candolleanus Royle ex Benth. Astragalus chlorostachys Lindl. Astragalus hendersonii Baker Astragalus peduncularis Royle ex Benth. Fabaceae.- Atriplex hortensis L. Atriplex rosea L. Amaranthaceae.- Atropa acuminata Royle ex Lindl. Solanaceae.- Bauhinia variegata L. Bauhinia vahlii Wight & Arn. Fabaceae.- Berberis aristata DC. Berberis asiatica Roxb. ex DC. Berberis chitria Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Berberis glaucocarpa Stapf Berberis lycium Royle Berberis orthobotrys Bien. ex Aitch. ssp. orthobotrys Berberis vulgaris L. Berberidaceae.- Bergenia ciliata Sternb. Saxifragaceae.- Betula utilis D. Don Betulaceae.- Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff Asteraceae.- Bistorta amplexicaulis (D. Don) Greene Bistorta vivipara (L.) S.F. Gray Polygonaceae.- Boerhavia diffusa L. Nyctaginaceae.- Bombax ceiba L. Malvaceae.- Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. Simaroubaceae.- Bupleurum thomsonii C.B. Clarke Apiaceae.- Buxus wallichiana Baill. Buxaceae.- Caesalpinia decapetala (Roith) Alston Fabaceae.- Caltha alba Cambess. Caltha palustris L. Ranunculaceae.- Cannabis sativa L. Cannabaceae.- Capparis spinosa L. Capparaceae.- Carex canescens L. Carex cardiolepis Nees Carex cruenta Nees Cyperaceae.- Carum carvi L. Carum copticum (L.) Benth. & Hook. f.Apiaceae.- Cassia fistula L. Cassia occidentalis L. Fabaceae.- Castanopsis hystrix J. D. Hooker & Thomson ex A. de Candolle Castanopsis indica (Roxburgh ex Lindley) A. de Candolle in Hance Castanopsis tribuloides (Smith) A. de Candolle in Hance Fagaceae.- Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ex D. Don) G. Don Pinaceae.- Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Celastraceae.- Celtis australis L. Cannabaceae.- Chenopodium album L. Amaranthaceae.- Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) B.L. Burtt & A.W. Hill Anacardiaceae.- Cichorium intybus L. Asteraceae.- Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees & Nees Lauraceae.- Cirsium verutum (D. Don) Spreng. Asteraceae.- Citrus medica L. Rutaceae.- Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Cucurbitaceae.- Codonopsis clematidea (Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) C.B. Clarke Campanulaceae.- Coelogyne barbata Lindl. ex Griff. Coelogyne corymbosa Lindl. Coelogyne cristata Lindl. Coelogyne fimbriata Lindl. Coelogyne flaccida Lindl. Coelogyne fuscescens Lindl. Coelogyne nitida (Wall. ex D. Don) Lindl. Coelogyne ovalis Lindl. Coelogyne prolifera Lindl. Coelogyne punctulata Lindl. Coelogyne stricta (D. Don) Schltr. Orchidaceae.- Colchicum aitchisonii (Hook. f.) Nasir Colchicum luteum Baker Colchicaceae.- Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. Boraginaceae.- Corydalis govaniana Wall. Papaveraceae.- Cotoneaster uniflorus Bunge Rosaceae.- Crateva unilocularis Buch.-Ham. Capparacae.- Cucumis sativus L. Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (Royle) Alef Cucurbitaceae.- Curculigo orchioides Benth. Hypoxidaceae.- Curcuma aromatica Salisb. Curcuma longa L. Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe Zingiberaceae.- Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Convolvulaceae.- Cyathea spinulosa Wall. ex Hook. Cyatheaceae.- Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Poaceae.- Cyperus difformis L. Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperaceae.- Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo Orchidaceae.- Daphne bholua Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don. Daphne mucronata Royle Daphne papyracea Wall. ex G. Don. Thymelaeaceae.- Datura stramonium L. Solanaceae.- Debregeasia longifolia (Burm. f.) Wedd. Urticaceae.- Delphinium brunonianum Royle Delphinium himalayae Munz Delphinium roylei Munz Delphinium vestitum Wall. ex Royle Ranunculaceae.- Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Orchidaceae.- Didymocarpus aromaticus Wall. ex D. Don Gesneriaceae.- Digitalis lanata Ehrh. Plantaginaceae.- Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. ex Kunth Dioscoreaceae.- Diploknema butyracea (Roxb.) H.J. Lam. Sapotaceae.- Drosera peltata Thunb. Droseraceae.- Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Schult. Caryophyllaceae.- Drynaria propinqua (Wall. ex Mett.) Bedd. Polypodiaceae.- Dryopteris cochleata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) C. Chr. Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott Dryopteridaceae.- Duchesnea indica (Andews) Teschem. Rosaceae.- Duhaldea cappa (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) Pruski & Anderb. Inula nervosa Wall. ex DC. Asteraceae.- Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Asteraceae.- Elaeagnus angustifolia L. var. angustifolia L. Elaeagnaceae.- Engelhardia spicata Lesch. ex Blume Juglandaceae.- Ephedra gerardiana Wall. ex Stapf Ephedraceae.- Epilobium angustifolium L. Epilobium latifolium L. ssp. latifolium L. Epilobium leiophyllum Hausskn. Epilobium royleanum Hausskn. Onagraceae.- Equisetum diffusum D. Don Equisetum ramosissimum Desf. Equisetaceae.- Erigeron alpinus L. Asteraceae.- Erythrina arborescens Roxb. Fabaceae.- Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbia pilosa L. Euphorbia royleana Boiss. Euphorbiaceae.- Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. Convolvulaceae.- Fagara oxyphylla (Edgew.) Engl. Rutaceae.- Fagonia bruguieri DC Fagonia indica var. schweinfurthii Hadidi Zygophyllaceae.- Ferula assa-foetida L. Ferula narthex Boiss. Apiaceae.- Fragaria nubicola (Hook. f.) Lindl. ex Lacaita Rosaceae.- Fraxinus excelsior L. Fraxinus xanthoxyloides (G. Don) DC. Oleaceae.- Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don. Liliaceae.- Fumaria indica Pugsley Papaveraceae.- Gentiana kurroo Royle Gentianaceae.- Gentianodes tianschanica (Rupr. ex Kusn.) Omer, Ali & Qaiser Gentianaceae.- Gentianopsis paludosa (Munro ex Hook. f.) Ma Gentianopsis vvedenskyi (Grossh.) V.V. Pis. Gentianaceae.- Geranium collinum Stephan ex Willd. Geranium nepalense Sweet Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex Sweet Geraniaceae.- Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis Urticaceae.- Grewia disperma Rottler ex Spreng. Malvaceae.- Hedychium spicatum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. Zingiberaceae.- Heracleum candicans Wall. ex DC. Apiaceae.- Hippolytia dolichophylla (Kitam.) K. Bremer & Humphries Asteraceae.- Hippophae rhamnoides L. ssp. turkestanica Rousi Hippophae rhamnoides L. Hippophae salicifolia D. Don Hippophae tibetana Schltdl. Elaeagnaceae.- Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G. Don Apocynaceae.- Holboellia latifolia Wall. Lardizabalaceae.- Hydrocotyle nepalensis Hook. Araliaceae.- Hyoscyamus niger L. Solanaceae.- Hypericum perforatum L. Hypericaceae.- Hypotrachyna nepalensis (Taylor) Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch Parmeliaceae.- Incarvillea emodi Chatterjee Bignoniaceae.- Indigofera heterantha Wall. ex Brandis Fabaceae.- Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. Convolvulaceae.- Isatis stocksii Boiss. Brassicaceae.- Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Herb. Ixiolironaceae.- Jasminum humile L. Oleaceae.- Jatropa curcas L. Euphorbiaceae.- Juglans regia L. Juglandaceae.- Juncus articulatus L. Juncaceae.- Juniperus communis L. Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. Juniperus indica Bertol. Juniperus pseudosabina var. turkestanica (Kom.) Silba Juniperus recurva Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don Juniperus sibirica Burgsd. Juniperus squamata Buch.-Ham. ex D. DonCupressaceae.- Jurinea dolomitica Galushko Asteraceae.- Justicia adhatoda L. Acanthaceae.- Lamium album L. Lamiaceae.- Launaea procumbens (Roxb.) Ramayya & Rajagopal Asteraceae.- Leea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. Vitaceae.- Lepidium apetalum Willd. Lepidium sativum L. Brassicaceae.- Ligusticopsis wallichiana (DC.) Pimenov & Kljuykov Selinum vaginatum C.B. Clarke Apiaceae.- Lobelia pyramidalis Wall. Campanulaceae.- Luculia gratissima (Wall.) Sweet Mussaenda frondosa L. Mussaenda macrophylla Wall. Rubiaceae.- Luculia gratissima (Wall.) Sweet Rubiaceae.- Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude Ericaceae.- Maesa chisia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don. Primulaceae.- Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll.-Arg. Euphorbiaceae.- Malva neglecta Wallr. Malvaceae.- Meconopsis aculeata Royle Meconopsis horridula Hook. f. and Thomson Meconopsis latifolia (Prain) Prain Meconopsis quintuplinervia Regel Meconopsis simplicifolia (D. Don) Walpers Papaveraceae.- Medicago sativa L. Fabaceae.- Mentha arvensis L. Mentha longifolia (L.) L. Mentha royleana Benth. Mentha viridis (L.) L. Lamiaceae.- Morchella conica Pers. ex Fr. Morchella esculenta (Fr.) I.R. Hazll Morchellaceae.- Morus alba L. Morus serrata Roxb. Moraceae.- Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Fabaceae.- Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Rutaceae.- Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. Ex D. Don. Myricaceae.- Nardostachys grandiflora DC. Caprifoliaceae.- Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Pennell) D.Y. Hong Plantaginaceae.- Nepeta brachyantha Rech. f. & Edelb. Nepeta cataria L. Nepeta connata Royle ex Benth. Nepeta leucolaena Benth. ex Hook. f. Nepeta hindostana (Roth.) Hainus. Nepeta podostachys Benth. Lamiaceae.- Nigella sativa L. Ranunculaceae.- Ocimum gratissimum Lam. Lamiaceae.- Olea ferruginea Royle Oleaceae.- Onosma hispida Wall. ex G. Don Boraginaceae.- Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora Ophiocordycipitaceae.- Orobanche vulgaris Poir. Orobanchaceae.- Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Bignoniaceae.- Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. Oleaceae.- Osyris quadripartita Salzm. ex Decne. Santalaceae.- Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle Paeoniaceae.- Papaver dubium L. Papaver nudicaule L. Papaver somniferum L. Papaveraceae.- Parietaria judaica L. Urticaceae.- Paris polyphylla Sm. Melanthiaceae.- Parnassia nubicola Wall. ex Royle. Celastraceae.- Pedicularis albida Penn. Orobanchaceae.- Peganum harmala L. Nitrariaceae.- Periploca aphylla Decne. Apocynaceae.- Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. Lamiaceae.- Persicaria amphibia (L.) Delarbre Persicaria barbata (L.) H. Hara Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) H. Gross Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) H. Gross Polygonaceae.- Phlomis bracteosa Royle ex Benth. Lamiaceae.- Phyllanthus emblica L. Phyllanthaceae.- Physochlaina praealta Hook. Solanaceae.- Picea smithiana (Wall.) Boiss. Pinaceae.- Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth.: Plantaginaceae.- Pinus gerardiana Wall. ex Lamb. Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Pinus wallichiana A. B. Jacks. Pinaceae.- Pistacia atlantica Desf. Pistacia integerrima Stewart ex Brandis Pistacia khinjuk Stocks Anacardiaceae.- Plantago depressa Willd Plantago lanceolata L. Plantago major L. Plantago ovata Forssk. Plantaginacae.- Pleione humilis (Sm.) D. Don. Orchidaceae.- Pleurospermum candollei (Wall. ex DC.) Benth. ex C.B. Clarke Apiaceae.- Podophyllum hexandrum Royle Berberidaceae.- Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All. Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. Asparagacae.- Potentilla fulgens Wall. ex Hook. Rosaceae.- Primula denticulata Sm. Primula macrophylla D. Don Primula reptans Hook. Ex Watt Primulaceae.- Prinsepia utilis Royle Rosaceae.- Prunella vulgaris L. Lamiaceae.- Pyracantha crenulata (D. Don) M. Roem. Rosaceae.- Pyrus communis L. Pyrus pashia Buch.-. ex D. Don. Rosaceae.- Quercus baloot Griff. Quercus dilatata Lindl Quercus incana W. Bartram Quercus lanata Sm. Fagaceae.- Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz Apocynaceae.- Rhamnus purpurea Edgew. Rhamnus virgata Roxb. Rhamnaceae.- Rheum emodi Wall. Rheum tibeticum Maxim. ex Hook. f. Polygonaceae.- Rhododendron afghanicum Aitch. & Hemsl. Rhododendron anthopogon D. Don Rhododendron arboreumSm. Rhododendron campanulatum D. Don Rhododendron collettianum Aitch. & Hemsl. Ericaceae.- Rhynchostylis retusa (L.) Blume Orchidaceae.- Rosa brunonii Lindl. Rosa macrophylla Lindl. Rosa sericea Lindl. Rosa webbiana Wall. ex Royle Rosaceae.- Rubia manjith Roxb. ex Fleming Rubia tinctorium L. Rubiaceae.- Rubus ellipticus Sm. Rubus foliolosus Weihe & Nees Rubus fruticosus L. Rubus irritans Focke Rosaceae.- Rumex nepalensis Spreng. Rumex hastatus D. Don Rumex longifolius DC. Polygonaceae.- Saccharum filifolium Nees ex Steud. Poaceae.- Salix alba L. Salicaceae.- Salvia nubicola Wall. Ex Sweet lamiaceae.- Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. Sapindaceae.- Sapium insigne (Royle) Benth. & Hook. f. Euphorbiaceae.- Satyrium nepalense D. Don. Satyrium nepalense var. ciliatum (Lindl.) Hook. f. Orchidaceae.- Saussurea albescens (DC.) Sch. Saussurea lappa (Decne.) Sch. Bip Saussurea obvallata (DC.) Sch. Bip. Asteraceae.- Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth. Theaceae.- Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken. Sapindaceae.- Scurrula elata (Edgew.) Danser Loranthaceae Viscum album L. Viscum articulatum Burm. f. Viscum loranthi Elmer Santalaceae.- Scutellaria barbata D. Don Scutellaria discolor Colebr. Scutellaria orientalis L. Scutellaria prostrata Jacq. ex Benth. Lamiaceae.- Semecarpus anacardium L. f. Anacardiaceae.- Senecio nudicaulis Buch.-Ham. ex C.B. Clarke Asteraceae.- Seseli libanotis (L.) W.D.J. Koch Seseli transcaucasicum Pimenov & Sdobina Apiaceae.- Skimmia anquetilia Tayl. & Airy Shaw. Skimmia arborescens T. Anderson ex Gamble Skimmia laureola (DC.) Sieb. & Zucc. ex Walp. Skimmia melanocarpa Rehder & E. H. Wilson Skimmia multinervia Huang Rutaceae.- Smilax aspera L. Smilax ovalifolia Roxb. Smilacaceae.- Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. Solanum nigrum L. Solanum surattense Burm. f. Solanaceae.- Solena heterophylla Lour. Cucurbitaceae.- Sophora mollis (Royle) Baker Fabaceae.- Sorbus cuspidata (Spach) Hedl. Rosaceae.- Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz Anacardiaceae.- Stephania elegans Hook. f. & Thomson Menispermaceae.- Sterculia villosa Roxb.: Malvaceae.- Swertia angustifolia Burkill Swertia chirayita Buch.-Ham. ex C.B. Clarke Swertia cordata (G.Don) Clarke Swertia petiolata D. Don Gentianaceae.- Syringa emodi Wall ex G. Don. Oleaceae.- Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Myrtaceae.- Tamaricaria elegans (Royle) Qaiser & Ali Tamaricaceae.- Tamarix arceuthoides Bunge Tamaricaceae.- Taraxacum campylodes G.E. Haglund Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg Taraxacum sikkimense Hand.-Mazz. Asteraceae.- Taxus baccata (L.) Borkh. Taxus contorta Griff. Taxus mairei (Lemée & H. Lév.) S.Y. Hu Taxus wallichiana Taxaceae.- Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae.- Thalictrum cultratum Wall. Thalictrum foetidum L. Thalictrum foliolosum DC. Ranunculaceae.- Thymus linearis Benth. ssp. linearis JalasThymus serpyllum L.Thymus vulgaris L.Lamiaceae.- Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. f. & Thomson. Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr. Menispermaceae.- Tribulus terrestris L. Zygophyllaceae.- Trichodesma indicum (L.) Lehm. Boraginaceae.- Trigonella corniculata (L.) L. Trigonella gracilis Benth. Fabaceae.- Trillium govanianum Wall. ex Royle Melanthiaceae.- Urtica dioica L.Urticaceae.- Valeriana hardwickii Wall. var. hoffmeisteri C.B. ClarkeValeriana jatamansi JonesValeriana officinalis L.Caprifoliaceae.- Verbascum thapsus L. Scrophulariaceae.- Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. Asteraceae.- Viola biflora L. Viola canescens Wall. Viola odorata L. Viola pilosa Blume Viola rupestris F.W. Schmidt Viola suavis M. Bieb. Violaceae.- Withania coagulans (Stocks) DunalWithania somnifera (L.) DunalSolanaceae.- Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz. Lythraceae.- Zanthoxylum armatum DC.Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum Edgew. Rutaceae.- Ziziphus jujuba Mill Ziziphus mauritiana Lam..-

O autorze

Dr. Ripu M. Kunwar is a medicinal plant expert and ethnobotanist who has conducted several researches on plant-people interactions in the Nepal Himalaya for two decades. He completed his M.Sc. (botany) at Tribhuvan University, Nepal, in 2000. He was an outstanding student and received a gold medal in MPhil in Forest Management in 2002 at IIFM, India. After completing his two master’s courses, he worked at many institutions in various capacities, including doing research on medicinal plants, indigenous knowledge, ethnobotany, biodiversity, and climate change impacts. He completed his M.A. in geography in August 2015 and Ph.D. in geosciences (cultural and spatial ecology) in August 2018 from Florida Atlantic University (FAU). He was advised by Prof. Dr. Maria Fadiman, Prof. Dr. Mary Cameron, Prof. Dr. Rainer Bussmann, and Dr. Tobin Hindle for his PhD. Currently, he affiliates to Ilia State University, Georgia, as a postdoctoral research associate. Dr. Kunwar is a fellow of ITTO, Japan (2006), a recipient of the Missouri Botanical Garden–ASC fellowship, USA (2012), and a grantee of Rufford Foundation Grant, UK (2014, 2015, 2017), National Geographic Society Early Career Grant, USA (2018), FAU-GRIP Grant (2015), and FAU-Science Student Grant (2018). He has been awarded the Young Scientist of Developing Country 2009 by TWAS, Italy, and NAST, Nepal. He received several travel awards for attending international conferences in Austria, China, Germany, India, Italy, and the USA. He is a member of the Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal (ESON) and the Society of Economic Botany, USA, since 2007 and 2012, respectively. Dr. Kunwar has authored over xxxi 70 publications including over 40 peer-reviewed articles, 15 book chapters, 10 review papers, and 1 book. His research articles featured in the journals PLOS One, Ecological Indicators, Ecosystem Services, Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (JEE), Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Journal of Ethnobotany Research and Applications (JERA), and Global Ecology and Conservation. Currently, he works as an associate editor for JERA and is an editorial board member of JEE. Dr. Kunwar has bagged over 1400 citations and H Index 19. Detail is available at GoogleScholar https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl¼en&user¼0hJp XUEAAAAJ&view_op¼list_works&sortby¼pubdate.

Prof. Dr. Hassan Sher was born in Swat District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. He is associated with teaching and research for the last 23 years. Dr. Sher obtained his M.Sc. (botany, 1995) and M.Phil. (botany, specialization in plant ecology, 1998) from the Department of Botany, Peshawar University, and Ph.D. (botany, specialization in plant ecology, 2006) from GC University, Lahore. His work is focusing on traditional knowledge system, ethnobotany, ecology, in situ and ex situ conservation of valuable endangered plant species with IUCN, WWF, SDC/IC, FAO and UNDP, with rich experience in the restoration/rehabilitation of degraded habitats and recovery of rare/threatened plant species. Dr. Sher published more than 150 original research articles and is a member of 7 national and international scientific societies and organizations. He has supervised and examined/evaluated many postgraduate and M.Phil. theses and Ph.D. dissertations. He is also the reviewer of internationally reputed scientific journals. A total of five research projects have been successfully completed by Dr. Sher, funded by both international and national donors, whereas one research project is ongoing. Dr. Sher has supervised 15 M.Sc. students and 1 M.Phil. research scholar, and 8 M.Phil. research scholars and 6 Ph.D. research scholars are currently under his guidance. A total of four books and one book chapter have been published. Dr. Sher’s contributions toward preservation and innovation in the field of medicinal plants conservation xxxii About the Editors and management were recognized jointly by the Government of Pakistan and SAARC countries by awarding him the prestigious SAARC Gold Medal and SAARC Award in Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the Summit in 2003 on the theme “Invention in the Field of Traditional Medicines.” Dr. Sher is professor and director of the Centre for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, and also dean of the Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Swat, Pakistan, since May 21, 2019. Dr. Sher was the registrar of the University of Swat from June 11, 2011, to January 24, 2012, and then from March 17, 2016, to February 28, 2018. Furthermore, he was a focal person for Himalaya University Consortium of ICIMOD for Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management, and focal person of the Higher Education Commission, Islamabad, for establishment of the women’s campus at the University of Swat from June 15, 2017, to September 2019. Dr. Sher is member of NCRC of HEC for the disciplines of botany, environmental sciences, and plant protection.

Dr. Rainer W. Bussmann earned his M.Sc. (diploma) in biology from Universität Tübingen, Germany, in 1993 and his doctorate from Universität Bayreuth, Germany, in 1994. He is an ethnobotanist and vegetation ecologist, and co-director of Saving Knowledge, La Paz, Bolivia, as well as Head of the Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, both of which he co-founded. Before retiring from Missouri Botanical Garden, Dr. Bussmann was director of the William L. Brown Center at Missouri Botanical Garden, William L. Brown curator of economic botany, and senior curator. Before accepting the directorship of WLBC, he held academic appointments as research fellow in geography and the environment at the University of Texas at Austin from 2006 to 2007, as associate professor of botany and scientific director of Harold Lyon Arboretum at the University of Hawaii from 2003 to 2006, and as assistant professor at the University of Bayreuth from 1997 to 2003, following a postdoc at the same institution from 1994 to 1997. He holds affiliate faculty appointments at Washington University St. Louis, USA; University of Missouri St. Louis, USA; About the Editors xxxiii Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, USA; Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil; Universidád Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Perú; and at Ilia State University, Republic of Georgia, and serves as external thesis advisor at multiple other universities worldwide. His work focuses on ethnobotanical research and the preservation of traditional knowledge in Bolivia, Peru, Madagascar, the Caucasus, and the Himalayas. To date, Dr. Bussmann has authored over 290 peer-reviewed papers, over 1200 book chapters, and authored or edited 38 books. Dr. Bussmann is a past president of the Society for Economic Botany and has served as board/council member of the International Society for Ethnopharmacology, Society of Ethnobiology, Botanical Society of America, and International Society of Ethnobiology. See more of his work on his website (https://www. cejaandina.org/rainer-w-bussmann/) and download publications from ResearchGate (https://www.researchgate. net/profile/Rainer_Bussmann).