Biography; Chapter 1 Sir Isaac Newton; Chapter 2 John Locke; Chapter 3 Henry Sidgwick; Chapter 4 John McTaggart Ellis Mctaggart; Chapter 5 William Ernest Johnson; Philosophy of Science; Chapter 6 The Philosophy of Francis Bacon; Chapter 7 The New Philosophy: Bruno to Descartes; Chapter 8 Liebniz’s Last Controversy with the Newtonians; Ethics; Chapter 9 Determinism, Indeterminism, and Libertarianism; Chapter 10 Egoism as a Theory of Human Motives; Chapter 11 Ought We to Fight for Our Country in the Next War?; Chapter 12 Conscience and Conscientious Action;