Essentials of Pharmaceutical Analysis

ISBN-13: 9789811515491 / Angielski / Miękka / 2021

Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash; Kanwal Rehman

Opis

Recent advances in the pharmaceutical sciences and biotechnology have facilitated the production, design, formulation and use of various types of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals. This book provides detailed information on the background, basic principles, and components of techniques used for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals. Focusing on those analytical techniques that are most frequently used for pharmaceuticals, it classifies them into three major sections and 19 chapters, each of which discusses a respective technique in detail. Chiefly intended for graduate students in the pharmaceutical sciences, the book will familiarize them with the components, working principles and practical applications of these indispensable analytical techniques.

Spis treści

Table of Contents

Part I: Spectrophotometric techniques

Chapter 1: Introduction of pharmaceutical analysis

Introduction

Where we do pharmaceutical analysis

Socio-economic impact of Pharmaceutical analysis

Regulatory issues: the present situation and future trends

Basic requirements for analytical techniques

Terms used in analytical techniques

Analyte

Analytical blank

Calibration

Limit of detection

Linearity

Range of method

Selectivity

Sensitivity

Properties of drug

Physical properties of drugs

Chemical properties of drugs

Errors

Precision and accuracy

Repeatability and reproducibility

Standard operating procedures (SOP)/ protocols

Chapter 2: Introduction of spectrophotometric techniques

Introduction

Principle

Electromagnetic radiations

Spectrophotometer

Types of spectrophotometric techniques

Applications

Chapter 3: UV-VIS spectroscopy

Introduction

Principle

Components of UV-VIS spectrophotometer

Types of UV-VIS spectrophotometer

Single beam UV-VIS spectroscopy

Double beam UV-VIS spectroscopy

Absorbance laws

Terms used in UV-VIS spectroscopy

Chromophore

Auxochrome

Absorption and intensity shifts in UV-VIS spectroscopy

Bathochromic Shift (Red Shift)

Hypsochromic Shift (Blue Shift)

Hyperchromic Effect

Hypochromic Effect

Applications

Advantages

Disadvantages

Chapter 4: Infra-Red spectroscopy

Introduction

Regions of IR

Principle

Modes of molecular vibrations

Components of IR spectrophotometer

Sampling techniques for IR spectroscopy

Types of IR spectroscopy

Dispersive IR spectroscopy

FT-IR spectroscopy

Near-IR spectroscopy

Regions of IR spectrum

Interpretations of IR spectrum

Applications of IR spectroscopy

Advantages

Disadvantages

Chapter 5: Atomic spectroscopy

Introduction

Principle

Types of atomic spectroscopy

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES)

Advantages

Disadvantages

Applications

Chapter 6: Atomic absorption spectroscopy

Introduction

Principle

Components of AAS

Working of AAS

Types of AAS

Single beam AAS

Double beam AAS

How can we obtain the data of AAS?

How do we analyze the data of AAS?

Interferences of AAS

Applications of AAS

Advantages

Disadvantages

Chapter 7: Atomic Emission spectroscopy

Introduction

Principle

Types of emission spectra used in AES

Line spectra

Band spectra

Continuous spectra

Components of AES

Working of AES

Interferences of AES

Applications of AAS

Advantages

Disadvantages

Chapter 8: Molecular emission spectroscopy

Introduction

Types of luminescence

Principle

Types of fluorescence

Instrumentation

Factors affecting the fluorescence intensity

Applications

Chapter 9: Mass spectroscopy

Introduction

Principle

Instrumentation

Types of mass spectroscopy

ICP-MS

ICP-OES

MALDI-TOF

Types of peaks in mass spectroscopy

Applications

Advantages

Disadvantages

Chapter 10: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Introduction

Principle

Instrumentation

Types of NMR spectroscopy

Types of NMR spectra

Applications

Advantages

Disadvantages

Part II: Chromatographic techniques

Chapter 11: Introduction of chromatographic techniques

Introduction

Principle

Types of chromatographic techniques

Based on mechanism of separation

Based on nature of mobile phase

Terms used in chromatography

Applications

Chapter 12: Thin layer chromatography

Introduction

Principle

Types of thin layer chromatography

Based on nature of phases

Normal phase chromatography

Reverse phase chromatography

Based on purpose of use

Analytical chromatography

Preparative chromatography

Components of thin layer chromatography

Working of thin layer chromatography

Applications of paper chromatography

Advantages

Disadvantages

Chapter 13: Colum chromatography

Introduction

Principle

Types of column chromatography

Absorption chromatography

Partition chromatography

Ion exchange chromatography

Gel chromatography

Components of column chromatography

Working of column chromatography

Factors affecting on column chromatography

Applications of paper chromatography

Advantages

Disadvantages

Chapter 14: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Introduction

Principle

Types of HPLC

Based on mode of chromatography

Normal phase mode

Reverse phase reverse mode

Based on principle of separation

Adsorption chromatography

Ion exchange chromatography

Partition chromatography

Size exclusion chromatography

Based on the scale of operation

Analytical HPLC

Preparative HPLC

Based on the types of analysis

Qualitative analysis

Quantitative analysis

HPLC system

Components of HPLC system

Working of HPLC system

Factors affecting on HPLC

Applications of paper chromatography

Advantages

Disadvantages

Chapter 15: Gas chromatography

Introduction

Principle

Types of gas chromatography

Gas-solid chromatography

Gas-liquid chromatography

Components of gas chromatography

Working of gas chromatography

Terms used in gas chromatography

Factors affecting on gas chromatography

Applications

Advantages

Disadvantages

Part III: Thermal analysis techniques

Chapter 16: Introduction of thermal analysis

Introduction

Principle

Types of thermal analysis

Applications of thermal analysis

Chapter 17: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

Introduction

Principle

Instrumentation

Working

Factors affecting on DSC

Applications

Chapter 18: Differential thermal analysis (DTA)

Introduction

Principle

Instrumentation

Working

Factors affecting on DTA

Applications

Chapter 19: Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA)

Introduction

Principle

Instrumentation

Working

Factors affecting on TGA

Applications

 

O autorze

Dr. Akash is currently working as an Associate Professor and Chairman of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Pakistan. Holding a PhD in Pharmaceutical Analysis from Zhejiang University, China, he has published more than 100 articles in internationally recognized and peer-reviewed ISI-indexed journals. He has also published 26 book chapters with international publishers like SpringerNature, Elsevier, Material Research Forum LLC, and CRC Press. He is currently working on three research projects funded by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan and one GCUF-funded project. He has also completed one HEC-funded project. 

Currently, he is investigating the effect of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on various molecular and metabolic pathways that are involved in metabolic disorders, as well as treatment strategies for these EDC-induced metabolic disorders. His research work is cutting-edge and worthy of extension in developing countries like Pakistan, where it can be most beneficial and cost-effective, especially for diabetic patients. This assertion is in part based on his intensive study of diabetes mellitus, which could play a pivotal role in the management of diabetes. Based on his significant scientific contributions in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, he was selected for the “Research Productivity Award” by the Pakistan Council for Science and Technology (PCST) in 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017.

Dr. Kanwal Rehman is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan. Dr. Rehman completed her PhD in Pharmacology and Toxicology at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in the course of which she did excellent work on exploring arsenic-induced carcinogenic and anticancer effects. She has a keen interest in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders like diabetes mellitus and obesity, as well as new therapeutic modalities for their treatment. She has published more than 90 articles in peer-reviewed journals, as well as 26 book chapters with international publishers like SpringerNature, Elsevier, Material Research Forum LLC, and CRC Press. She is currently working on three research projects funded by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan and previously completed one HEC-funded project. Currently, she is investigating treatment strategies like the use of natural biogenic compounds against different risk factors for metabolic disorders including pancreatitis, cardiometabolic disorders and hormonal imbalance. Dr. Rehman was selected for the “Research Productivity Award” by the Pakistan Council for Science and Technology (PCST) in 2016.