Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers: Principles and Applications

ISBN-13: 9780471264347 / Angielski / Miękka / 2002 / 800 str.

Emmanuel Desurvire

Opis

How is light amplified in the doped fiber? How much spontaneous emission noise is generated at the output? Do detectors with optical preamplifiers outperform avalanche photodiodes? What are the current types and architectures of amplifier-based systems? Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers: Principles and Applications These are just a handful of the essential questions answered in Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers--the first book to integrate the most influential current papers on this breakthrough in fiber-optics technology. Written by one of the pioneers in the field, this unique reference provides researchers, engineers, and system designers with detailed, interdisciplinary coverage of the theoretical underpinnings, main characteristics, and primary applications of EDFAs. Packed with information on important system experiments and the best experimental results to date as well as over 1,400 references to the expanding literature, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers illuminates such key areas as:

• Modeling light amplification in Er-doped single-mode fibers
• Fundamentals of noise in optical fiber amplifiers
• Photodetection of optically amplified signals
• Spectroscopic properties of erbium glass fibers
• Gain, saturation, and noise characteristics of EDFAs
• Device and system applications of EDFAs

In so doing, the book sheds light on many new frontiers of knowledge, such as inhomogeneous modeling and nonlinear photon statistics, and demonstrates the many broadening benefits of EDFAs, including their polarization insensitivity, temperature stability, quantum-limited noise figure, and immunity to interchannel crosstalk. With the demand for transoceanic and terrestrial communications growing at a steady rate of 25% a year, the arrival of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers--destined to significantly expand the capabilities of today's hard-pressed lightwave technology-couldn't be more timely.

Spis treści

List of Acronyms and Symbols.

A: FUNDAMENTALS OF OPTICAL AMPLIFICATION IN ERBIUM–DOPED SINGLE–MODE FIBERS.

Modeling Light Amplification in Erbium–Doped Single–Mode Fibers.

Fundamentals of Noise in Optical Fiber Amplifiers.

Photodetection of Optically Amplified Signals.

B: CHARACTERISTICS OF ERBIUM–DOPED FIBER AMPLIFIERS.

Characteristics of Erbium–Doped Fibers.

Gain, Saturation and Noise Characteristics of Erbium–Doped Fiber Amplifiers.

C: DEVICE AND SYSTEM APPLICATIONS OF ERBIUM–DOPED FIBER AMPLIFIERS.

Device Applications of EDFAs.

System Applications of EDFAs.

Appendix A: Rate Equations for Stark Split Three–Level Laser Systems.

Appendix B: Comparison of LP01 Bessel Solution and Gaussian Approximation for the Fundamental Fiber Mode Envelope.

Appendix C: Example of Program Organization and Subroutines for Numerical Integration of General Rate Equations (1.68).

Appendix D: Emission and Absorption Coefficients for Three–Level Laser Systems with Gaussian Mode Envelope Approximation.

Appendix E: Analytical Solutions for Pump and Signal+Ase in the Unsaturated Gain Regime, for Unidirectional and Bidirectional Pumping.

Appendix F: Density Matrix Description of Stark Split Three–Level Laser Systems.

Appendix G: Resolution of the Amplifier PGF Differential Equation in the Linear Gain Regime.

Appendix H: Calculation of the Output Noise and Variance of Lumped Amplifier Chains.

Appendix I: Derivation of a General Formula for the Optical Noise Figure of Amplifier Chains.

Appendix J: Derivation of the Nonlinear Photon Statistics Master Equation and Moment Equations for Two– or Three–Level Laser Systems.

Appendix K: Semiclassical Determination of Noise Power Spectral Density in Amplified Light Photodetection.

Appendix L: Derivation of the Absorption and Emission Cross Sections Through Einstein′s A and B Coefficients.

Appendix M: Calculation of Homogeneous Absorption and Emission Cross Sections by Deconvolution of Experimental Cross Sections.

Appendix N: Rate Equations for Three–Level Systems with Pump Excited State Absorption.

Appendix O: Determination of Explicit Analytical Solution for a Low Gain, Unidirectionally Pumped EDFA with Single–Signal Saturation.

Appendix P: Determination of EDFA Excess Noise Factor in the Signal–Induced Saturation Regime.

Appendix Q: Average Power Analysis for Self–Saturated EDFAs.

Appendix R: A Computer Program for the Description of Amplifier Self–Saturation Through the Equivalent Input Noise Model.

Appendix S: Finite Difference Resolution Method for Transient Gain Dynamics in EDFAs.

Appendix T: Analytical Solutions for Transient Gain Dynamics in EDFAs.

Appendix U: Derivation of the Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation.

References.

Index.

O autorze

EMMANUEL DESURVIRE is Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering at Columbia University. For four years he was a member of the technical staff at AT&T Laboratories which did pioneering work in erbium–doped fiber amplifiers. In 1993 Dr. Desurvire received the IEEE s Distinguished Lecturer Award. In 1994, he joined Alcatel–Alsthom Recherche in France. He is a contributor to the book Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers and is the author or coauthor of more than 90 technical papers. He received his Diploma of Advanced Studies in the field of theoretical physics from the University of Paris in 1981 and his PhD in physics from the University of Nice two years later. He spent two years in postdoctoral research at Stanford University.