Epigenomics

ISBN-13: 9781402091865 / Angielski / Twarda / 2008 / 438 str.

Anne Ferguson-Smith; John M. Greally; Robert A. Martienssen

Opis

Epigenetic modifications act on DNA and its packaging proteins, the histones, to regulate genome function. Manifest as the heritable methylation of DNA and as post-translational histone modifications, these molecular flags influence the architecture and integrity of the chromosome, the accessibility of DNA to gene regulatory components and the ability of chromatin to interact within nuclear complexes. While a multicellular individual has only one genome, it has multiple epigenomes reflecting the diversity of cell types and their properties at different times of life; in health and in disease. Relationships are emerging between the underlying DNA sequence and dynamic epigenetic states and their consequences, such as the role of RNA interference and non-coding RNA. These integrated approaches go hand-in-hand with studies describing the genomic locations of epigenetic modifications in different cell types at different times. The excitement and curiosity surrounding epigenomics is driven by a growing community of researchers in a burgeoning field and the development of new technologies built on the backbone of genome sequencing projects. Research has shown that the adaptability and vulnerability of epigenetic states has profound effects on natural variation, the response of the genome to its environment and on health and disease. The aim of this volume is not to describe epigenomes, but rather to explore how understanding epigenomes tells us more about how biological systems work and the challenges and approaches taken to accomplish this. These contributions have attempted to integrate epigenomics into our understanding of genomes in wider context, and to communicate some of the wonders of epigenetics illustrated through examples across the biological spectrum.

Spis treści

Preface/Introduction: Introduction to epigenomics, AC Ferguson-Smith, JM Greally, RA Martienssen; Section I – Epigenomic technologies and analytical approaches 1. Strategies for epigenome analysis, AB Brinkman and HG Stunnenberg 2. Sequencing the epigenome, A Meissner and BE Bernstein 3. Integrating epigenomic Results, S-Y Yoo and RW Doerge 4. Visualising the epigenome, P Flicek and E Birney Section II – Roles of DNA, RNA and chromatin in epigenomics 5. The expanding view of cytosine methylation, JM Greally 6. Structural and biochemical advances in mammalian DNA methylation, X Cheng and R Blumenthal 7. Epigenetic profiling of histone variants, S Henikoff 8. Epigenetic phenomena and epigenomics in maize, J Hollick and N Springer 9. Epigenetic silencing of pericentric heterochromatin by RNA interference in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, S Locke and RA Martienssen 10. Describing epigenomic information in Arabidopsis, I. Henderson 11. The role of small RNAs in establishing chromatin architecture in Drosophila, J Birchler 12. MacroRNAs in the epigenetic control of X inactivation, S Shibata and JT. Lee Section III – Epigenetic control of developmental processes 13. Polycomb complexes and the role of epigenetic memory in development, Y Schwartz and V Pirrotta 14. Genomic imprinting - a model for roles of histone modifications in epigenetic control, K McEwan and AC Ferguson-Smith 15. The epigenomic landscape of reprogramming in mammals, G Ficz, C Farthing and W Reik 16. Epigenetic regulation – lessons from globin loci, A Dean and S Fiering 17. Meiotic silencing, infertility and X chromosome evolution, J. Turner Section IV – The epigenome in health and disease 18. Genome defence – the Neurospora paradigm, M Rountree and E Selker 19. Integrating the genome and epigenome in human disease, C Widelius 20. A changing epigenome inhealth and disease, E. Ballestar and M Esteller 21. Cancer epigenomics, C. Ladd-Acosta and A Feinberg 22. Epigenetic modulation by environmental factors, M Doyle and R Amasino 23. The relevance of epigenetics to major psychosis, J Mill and A Petronis Index