Environmental Hygiene III

ISBN-13: 9783642771149 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 275 str.

Norbert H. Seemayer; Wolfgang Hadnagy

Opis

ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE III deals with the detection and evaluation of environmental pollutants as well as with their relevance to human health. Environmental components are important determinants of the health status of groups at risk and of the general population. The main objective is the early detection and identification of hazardous substances by physical, chemical and biological methods, risk assessment andprotection of human health. Faced with these problems the volume gives an overview on the mulifaceted aspects of environmental hygiene and medicine. Contributions include basic and innovative approaches in the fields of - Experimental cell biology - Cytotoxicity testing - Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity studies - Inhalation toxicity - Human exposure monitoring - Epidemiology - Important harzardous agents - Environmental control, prevention and legislation.

Spis treści

Environmental medicine and risk assessment.- Experimental Cell Biology.- Epigenetic effects of cadmium in cellular signal transduction.- Molecular alteration in human genital epithelial cells transformed by recombinant human papillomavirus DNA.- Spatial distribution as additional parameter in histochemical quantification of cell changes explored by an image analysing system.- Intraphagolysosomal pH and intracellular particle dissolution in canine and rat alveolar macrophages.- UV-C and electromagnetic radiation induce premature terminal differentiation of cultured human fibroblasts.- Effect of airborne particulates on phagocytosis of human and rat macrophages.- Cytotoxicity Testing.- Testing lead neurotoxicity with an in vitro model.- A novel fluorometric method for monitoring virus replication in response to heavy metals.- Cytoskeleton alteration in mouse tissues by postnatal exposure to heavy metal air pollutants.- Comparison of chromate and vanadate toxicity and its relationship to oxygen radical formation.- Different effects of mechanical stress (high energy shock wave treatment) in normal and transformed lung epithelial cell lines of Syrian hamster.- Effects of adrenaline and nicotine on the early chick embryo.- Mutagenicity/Carcinogenicity Studies.- Quantitation of 7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine produced by endogeneous and environmental ethylene oxide in DNA of lymphocytes.- New cell culture system for pulmonary carcinogenesis and inhalation toxicology.- Stable expression of heterologous microsomal epoxide hydrolase in BHK21 cells: Influence on the mutagenicity of benzo(a)pyrene 4,5-oxide.- Detection of suspicious aneugenic compounds present in environmental pollutants and their relevance in carcinogenicity.- Enzyme polymorphism in human erythrocytes influences sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) induced by the fumigant methyl bromide.- Genotoxicity of Fe(III)-NTA and its interaction with other carcinogenic metal compounds.- Inhibition of gap-junctional intercellular communication in V79 cells by airborne pariculate matter.- The metabolism of chrysene and benzo(a)pyrene in hamster, rat and human lung cells in culture.- Analysis of transforming sequences in neoplastic Syrian hamster fetal cells induced by diverse chemical carcinogens.- Carcinogenicity testing of bladder carcinogens and other organic compounds by the intraperitoneal and intravesical route.- Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and transforming activity of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in rat tracheal epithelial cells.- Inhalation Studies.- Toxicological criteria for comparison of smoke screens by an inhalative experimental study. An example: Toxic zinc oxide/hexachloroethane smoke.- Responses of the canine respiratory tract during long-term exposure to a sulphur(IV) aerosol at low concentration.- Acute ozone-induced change in lung permeability of genetically susceptible and resistant mice is differentially mediated by cytochrome P-450.- Photocorrosion of cadmium sulfide suspensions applied in animal inhalation studies.- Risk estimation of human lung cancer from environmental exposure to diesel exhaust: Extrapolation from particle induced experimental lung tumors?.- Short term chromate inhalation in a computer-assisted inhalation chamber: immediate toxicity and late cancer development.- Studies on the exhalation of volatile N-nitrosamines following systemic application to Sprague-Dawley rats.- The behaviour of inspired aerosol pulses in men.- The behavior of inhaled spherical iron oxide particles in human lungs: Magnetometric studies.- Honan Exposure Monitoring.- Cross sectional epidemiological study on cobalt excretion in urine of children in areas with different air pollution.- Human exposure to mercury — Effect of amalgam fillings.- Cytogenetic studies of chemically exposed workers in Sachsen-Anhalt.- Heavy metals in the blood, urine and hair of a representative population sample in the Federal Republic of Germany 1985/86.- Urinary alkylpurines as markers of alkylating agent exposure in humans.- Total exposure to lead and cadmium of a group of people from a lead contaminated area.- The significance of asbestos bodies and occurrence of macrophages in the sputum of asbestos-exposed workers.- Environmental and biological monitoring of mercury following chronic occupational exposure.- Aluminium exposure and health risks.- Epidemiology.- Air pollution and bronchial reactivity in schoolchildren with a medical history of respiratory diseases.- Effects of air pollution on the health of children in East- and West-Germany: Aspects of study-design and descriptive results for some questionnaire items.- Air pollution and allergic reactions.- Effects of the extreme environmental pollution on the general health state of the population in Bitterfeld (former G.D.R).- Hazardous Environmental Agents.- 1. Radon.- Effects of mobility upon the distribution of lifetime radon exposures.- Radon in the human environment.- 2. Dioxin.- Dioxin exposure and health effects on people at Seveso, Italy.- 3. Mineral Dust and Fibres.- Comparison of cytotoxic effects of asbestos and glass fibres on the cytoskeleton of epithelial lung cells in vitro.- HL-60-cell derived macrophages are resistant to cytotoxic effects of quartz.- In vitro correlates of the pathogenicity of a long fibre sample of amosite asbestos compared to a short fibre sample.- Quartz or coal mine dust treated human monocyte-derived macrophages release a proliferation factor for human lung fibroblasts (WI-38).- Dust and LPS induced stimulation of nitrite and nitrate release in bovine alveolar macrophages.- Influence of coal mine dust and surfactant on chemiluminescence-activity of alveolar macrophages in vitro.- Environmental Control, Prevention And Legislation.- Industrial risk assessment and corresponding management scenarios-case study at the Aluminum Casting Plant.- Environmental tobacco smoke in public places.- Carcinogenic air pollutants: Essential legislative regulations.- Biological remediation processes — A challenge for the environmental hygiene.- Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans — Measures for the protection of man and the environment.- Measurements of the environmental pollution during cleaning up of solid waste depositions of chemical weapons.- Monitoring of an rDNA B.subtilis in environmental samples.- Air pollution in the former German Democratic Republic — Consequences for political economy and health control.