Environmental Forensics

ISBN-13: 9780849320583 / Angielski / Twarda / 1999 / 384 str.

Robert D. Morrison

Opis

Environmental Forensics details cutting-edge techniques in language that science can appreciate and the legal community can understand. The author covers non-chemical methods such as corrosion modelling, inventory reconciliation, and aerial photography interpretation. He emphasizes the chemical fingerprinting techniques that are used to identify the origin and age of a contaminant release. The author also recounts case studies and misused techniques that commonly bias the scientific validity of trial exhibits.

Spis treści

AN OVERVIEW OF THE HISTORY, CHEMISTRY AND TRANSPORT OF CHLORINATED SOLVENTS
Introduction
Chronology and Use of Chlorinated Solvents
Chemistry and Properties of Chlorinated Solvents
Transport of Chlorinated Solvents through Soil
Impact of Cosolvency on Transport through Soil
Transport of Vapors in Soil
Transport through the Capillary Fringe
Transport in Groundwater
References
CHEMISTRY AND TRANSPORT OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS
Introduction
Chemistry of Crude Oil
Chemistry of Refined Products
Chemical Reactions in the Vadose Zone
Overview of Transport through the Unsaturated
(Vadose) Zone
Hydrocarbon Interactions at the Capillary Fringe
Transport in Groundwater
References
IDENTIFICATION OF BIASED ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
Introduction
Geologic Characterization
Interpretation of Geologic Information
Soil Collection for Chemical Analyses
Groundwater Characterization
Soil Vapor Surveys
Analytical Methods
References
FORENSIC TECHNIQUES USED IN ENVIRONMENTAL LITIGATION
Introduction
Aerial Photography
Underground Storage Tank Corrosion Models
Inventory Reconciliation
Commercial Availability of a Chemical
Chemicals and Formulations Unique to a Manufacturing Process or Activity
Petroleum Refinery Throughput Analysis
Chemical Identification of Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Radioactive Isotope Dating
Chemical and Biological Degradation Models: Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Rapid Optical Screening Tool™ Testing
References
CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT MODELING
Introduction
Liquid Transport through Pavement
Vapor Transport through Pavement
Contaminant Transport in Soil
Contaminant Transport in Groundwater
Application of Groundwater Modeling in Environmental Litigation
References
FORENSIC REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL TRIAL EXHIBITS
Introduction
Exaggerated Vertical and Horizontal Scales
Selective Data Presentation
Data Contouring
References
APPENDICES
Appendix A - Sample Calculation for the Transport of PCE Vapor through Concrete Pavement
Appendix B - Sample Calculation for the Transport of PCE Liquid Through Concrete via Diffusion
Appendix C - Properties of Alcohol Oxygenates and Ether Oxygenates
Appendix D - Advective and Partitioning Transport Equations of Radon for Detecting Diesel in Groundwater
Appendix F - Chemical and Commerical Synonyms for Selected Chlorinated Solvents and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Appendix G - Laboratory Terms and Definitions
INDEX

O autorze

Robert D. Morrison