1. Fundamentals of Microbial Nanotechnology 2. Microbes Mediated Synthesis of Nanoparticles 3. Detection of Heavy Metal Ions Using Nanoparticles Synthesized from Microbial Route 4. Development of Biosensors towards the Detection of Pathogens Present in Environment 5. Peroxidase-Like Activity of Microbial Nanomaterials 6. Degradation of Organic Dyes Using Nanoparticles Synthesized by Microorganisms 7. Adsorption of Toxic Pollutants Using Nanomaterials Originated from Microbes 8. Application of Microbial Nanoparticles in Water Remediation 9. Role of Microbial Nanostructures in Soil Remediation 10. Environment Sustainability with Microbial Nanotechnology 11. Legal and Health Safety Issue of Microbial Nanotechnology 12. Future Recommendations and Research