Environment and Society in Byzantium, 650-1150: Between the Oak and the Olive

ISBN-13: 9783030599386 / Angielski / Miękka / 2021 / 272 str.

Alexander Olson

Spis treści

1. Introduction

2. Middle Byzantium's Environmental and Economic Antecedents

2.1 Taxes and Rents, Olives and Vines, Slaves and Cattle

2.2 A Transformed Economy, Culture, and Environment

2.3 An Elite-less Landscape?

2.4 A New Equilibrium?

3. An Evergreen Empire

3.1 Woodland Species Around the Aegean

3.2 The Expansion of Woodland in the Aegean Littoral

3.3 Contexts for Woodland Species’ Success

3.4 Using Woodland

4. The Decline of the Olive in Middle Byzantium

4.1 What the Olive Tree Does and How People Work with it

4.2 The Olive in the Ancient and Modern Contexts

4.3 The Olive in Retreat

4.4 Where did the Olives go?

4.5 New Uses for an Old Object 

5. Re-arranging Woods and Scrub

5.1 Complicating the Landscape 

5.2 Contexts for Altering the Landscape

5.3 Deciduous Oak’s Fortunes

5.4 Chestnut's Fortunes

5.5 Room to Maneuver

6. The Return of the Olive

6.1 Where and When the Olive Returns 

6.2 Monastic Assistance

6.3 From Peasants to Merchants

6.4 Olives from the Scrub

7. The Devil Chops Wood

7.1 Social Causes and Outcomes of a Contested Countryside

7.2 Hagiography and Conflict in the Landscape

7.3 Hagiographical Strategies for a Contested Landscape

8. Conclusion

O autorze

Alexander Olson received a Ph.D. at the University of Wisconsin, USA where he studied Byzantine and environmental history. He now enjoys working as a bureaucrat.

Blurb

This book illuminates Byzantines' relationship with woodland between the seventh and twelfth centuries. Using the oak and the olive as objects of study, this work explores shifting economic strategies, environmental change, and the transformation of material culture throughout the middle Byzantine period. Drawing from texts, environmental data, and archaeological surveys, this book demonstrates that woodland's makeup was altered after Byzantium's seventh-century metamorphosis, and that people interacted in new ways with this re-worked ecology. Oak obtained prominence after late antiquity, illustrating the shift from that earlier era's intensive agriculture to a more sylvan middle Byzantine economy. Meanwhile, the olive faded into the background, re-emerging in the eleventh and twelfth centuries thanks to the initiative of people adapting yet again to newly changed political and economic circumstances. This book therefore shows that Byzantines' relationship with their ecology was far from static, and that Byzantines' decisions had environmental impacts.