Environment, Resources and Sustainable Tourism: Goa as a Case Study

ISBN-13: 9789819918423 / Angielski

Ashoka G. Dessai

Spis treści

Chapter 1.  Introduction

1.1 Preamble

1.2 Background of the Mineral Resources

1.3 Physiography

1.3.1 Western Ghat Escarpment

1.4 Drainage 

1.4.1 Tidal Creeks

1.4.2 Linearity of the West Coast

1.4.3 Beaches

1.4.4 Lakes, Tanks and Reservoirs

1.5 Climate and Vegetation

 

Chapter 2.  Mineral Resources

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Western Dharwar Craton

2.3 Shimoga-Goa Schist Belt

2.4 Classification of Greenstones

2.5 Revised Stratigraphic Framework

2.6 Palaeoenvironmental Conditions of Deposition

2.7 Mafic Intrusive Rocks

2.8 Iron Ores

2.8.1 Ore Deposits: Geological Framework

2.8.2 Structural Disposition

2.8.3 Reserves

2.8.4 Production and Exports

2.9 Manganese Ores

2.9.1 Manganese Ore Resources

2.9.2 Reserves

2.10 Laterite and Bauxites

2.10.1 Bauxite Resources

2.10.2 Reserves

2.11 Soils Resources of the State

2.11.1 Distribution and Characteristics

2.12 Sand and Gravel Resources

2.13 Marine Shell Resources

2.13.1 Resource Characteristics

 

Chapter 3.   Mining Industry

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Environmental Geoscience

3.3 Concept of Systems

3.3.1 Types of Systems

3.4 Relationship between Natural Resource and Environment

3.5 Global Efforts at Protection of the Environment

3.6 Modern Concepts and Ideas

3.6.1 Sustainable Development

3.6.2 Sustainability versus Growth

3.7 Environment vis-à-vis Mining: Indian Context

3.7.1 Measures at Protection of the Environment

3.7.2 Mineral Resources

3.7.3 Mineral Conservation

3.7.4 The National Mineral Policy

3.7.5 Mines and Minerals Regulation and Development Act

3.8 Mining of Mineral Resources

3.8.1 Mining Activity in Goa

3.8.2 Relationship of Type of Mining and Extent of Damage

3.8.3 Slope Stability

3.8.4 Factors Responsible for Slope Movement

3.8.5 Role of Water in Mass Movement

3.8.6 Slope Failure

3.8.7 Impact of Slope Failure

3.8.8 Type of Mass Movement

3.8.9 Management of Slope Stability

3.8.10 Preventive Measures

3.9  Opencast Mining

3.9.1 Limitations of Opencast Mining

 

Chapter 4.   Water Resources

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Climate and Weather Conditions

4.3 The Science of Water

4.3.1 Concepts in Hydrology

4.3.2 Properties of Aquifer

4.4 Surface Water Resources

4.4.1 Surface Water Resources of Goa

4.5 Groundwater Resources               

4.5.1 State Groundwater Resources

4.5.2 Districtwise Groundwater Distribution

4.5.3 Spaciotemporal Variation of Groundwater

4.5.4 Sustainability vs Resource Depletion

4.5.5 Mine Dewatering: Implications on the Watertable

4.6 Issues Related to Salinity of Water

4.6.1 Salt Water Intrusion

4.6.2 Groundwater Related Salinity Issues

4.6.3 Tidal Impact

4.6.4 Factors Governing Seawater Intrusion in the State

4.7 Confronting the Water Challenge: Global Scenario

4.7.1 Integrated Water Resource Management

4.8 Sustainable Water Resource Development                

4.8.1 Water Conservation in the State: Background

4.8.2 Post-Liberation Scenario

4.9 Groundwater Conservation Initiatives

4.9.1 Conjunctive Use of Water

4.9.2 Artificial Recharge

4.9.3 Rainwater Harvesting

4.9.4 Mitigation of Water Crisis

 

Chapter 5. Environmental Assessment

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Environmental Concerns

5.2.1 Controls on the Components of the Environment

5.2.2 Societal Change Leading to Environmental Issues

5.2.3 Environmental Challenges

(i) Agriculture Distress-Tidal Flats

(ii) Biogeomorphology of Wetlands

(iii) Impact of Mine Discharge Waters

5.2.4 Threat to Aquatic Environments

(i) Estuarine Environments

(ii) Marine Ecosystem: Ballast Waters

(iii) Threat from Microplastics

5.3 Impact on Groundwater Quality

5.3.1 Quality of State Groundwater

5.3.2 Contamination of Groundwater

5.3.3 Salt Water Intrusion: Need for Efficient Management

5.3.4 Availability versus Demand: Changing Sustainability

5.3.5 Quality of Surface Water

5.3.6 Degradation of Coastal Aquifers

5.3.7 Vulnerability Assessment

5.3.8 Mitigation Measures

5.4 Air Pollution

5.4.1 Threat to Human Health

5.5 Environmental Management

5.5.1 Cost Benefit Analysis

5.5.2 Rehabilitation of the Mined Areas

5.5.3 Restoration Initiatives

5.5.4 Sustainable Mining and Protection of the Environment

5.5.5 Underground Mining and Excavations

5.6  Construction and Industrial Mineral Resources

5.6.1 Sand Extraction: Environmental Challenges

5.6.2 Policy Framework

5.6.3 Guidelines

5.6.4 Management Plan

5.7 Marine Shell Extraction: Environmental Concerns

5.7.1 Geological Perspective: Natural Safeguards

5.7.2 Mangrove Habitat

5.7.3 Employment Opportunities

5.7.4 Statutory Framework

5.7.5 Environmental Strategies

5.7.6 Environment Management Plan

5.8 Concerns of Rising Sea Level

5.8.1 Vulnerability Assessment

 

Chapter 6. Waste Management

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Municipal Solid Waste: Disposal Concerns

6.2.1 Solid Waste Management Policy Framework

6.2.2 Solid Waste Management of the State

6.2.3 Pollution from Leachates

6.2.4 Products of Waste Incineration

6.2.5 Biodegradable Waste

6.2.6 Bio-medical Waste

6.2.7 Sustainable Management of CDW

6.2.8 Pozzolans in Light Weight Concrete

6.2.9 Electronic Waste

6.2.10 Plastic Waste

6.2.11 Glass Waste

6.2.12 Tyre-Rubber Waste

6.3 Industrial Pollution: Concern of Effluents

6.3.1 Type of Effluents

6.4 Overstressed Land Resources

6.4.1 Growth Pattern

6.4.2 Density of Structures

6.4.3 Unaffordable Land Prices

 

Chapter 7. Sustainable Tourism

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Overview of Tourism Industry

7.2.1 Definition of Sustainable Tourism

7.2.2 Sustainable Development Index

7.2.3 State Tourism Policy

7.2.4 Principles and Objectives of the State Policy

7.3 Tourism: The Case of Goa

7.3.1 Demographic Pressures on Resources

7.3.2 Sustainable Tourism: Potential for State Initiatives

7.3.3 Coastal Resource System and Tourism Products

7.4 Impact of Tourism: Stressed Environment

7.4.1 Distress on Land Resources and Mangroves

7.5 Congested Road Traffic: Remedial Measures

7.5.1 Increased Emissions

7.5.2 Growth in Road Accidents

7.5.3 Challenges to Change

7.5.4 Improvement of Infrastructure

7.6 Construction Industry

7.6.1 Real Estate and the Workforce

7.6.2 Construction Materials and Substitutes

7.7 Socio-cultural Conflicts

7.8 Socio-economic Constraints

7.8.1 Constraints in Sharing Resources

7.8.2 Friction between Communities

7.9 Education vis-a-vis Employment

7.10 Shifting Occupation Pattern

7.10.1 Fisheries Sector

7.10.2 Outmigration of Locals

7.10.3 Unviable Agriculture

7.11 Changing Lifestyle

7.11.1 Migration to Cities

7.12 Concerns of Fragile Economy

7.13 Increase in Illegal Land Conversions and Land Disputes

7.13.1 Policy Amendments

7.14 Challenges to Development Initiatives

7.14.1 Conflicts with the Industry

7.14.2 Waste Disposal

7.14.3 Public Infrastructure

7.14.4 Resource Allocation

7.14 Future Perspective and Recommendations

Subject Index

 

O autorze

Prof. Dr. Ashoka G. Dessai has over 40 years of experience in post-graduate teaching and research, initially at Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India, and later at Goa University, Goa, India. He has conducted research in India and abroad and has successfully supervised research leading to M.Phil. and Ph.D. degrees. He has published more than 52 research papers in national and international peer-reviewed journals and has been a reviewer for international research journals. 

Prof. Dr. Dessai has authored two books: The Lithosphere Beneath the Indian Shield:  A Geodynamic Perspective (Springer Nature, Switzerland) and Geology and Mineral Resources of Goa (New Delhi Publishers, India). He has delivered lectures at several universities, professional organisations and research institutes in India and other countries.

Blurb

This book suggests sustainable economy from the viewpoint of tourism fostering low carbon footprint. Focussed on conserving heritage, culture and endemic biota of a crucial biodiversity hotspot of the world, the book discusses the impact of a large population, fast-paced development and excessive consumption of earth resources by tourism in a developing economy.

The book (i) assesses the impact of overexploitation of earth resources on environmental components such as air, water, land and people, (ii) examines the sustainability of tourism on the physical, economic and socio-cultural environment including human lifestyles, (iii) presents  the potential of tourism in promoting sustainable development, poverty alleviation and conservation of nature and  (iv) formulates recommendations for tourism, fostering sustainable development in Goa, India.

The book offers students, researchers, academics and professionals a comprehensive discourse integrating geological and societal perspectives on core issues. It generates critical thinking on the complex issue of sustainable tourism by providing in-depth perspective on peoples of different hues and their role in safeguarding the future of this unique region.