Engineering Design and Optimization of Thermofluid Systems

ISBN-13: 9781119701606 / Angielski / Twarda / 2021 / 272 str.

David S. K. Ting

Spis treści

Preface xiAcknowledgments xiii1 Introduction 11.1 What Are Design and Optimization of Thermofluid Systems? 11.2 Differentiating Engineering from Science 31.3 Development, Design, and Analysis 51.4 The Design Process 61.5 Existing Books on Thermofluid System Design and/or Optimization 91.6 Organization of the Book 10Problems 10References 122 Engineering Economics 142.1 Introduction 152.2 Worth of Money with Respect to Time 152.2.1 Compound Interest and Effective Interest 172.2.2 PresentWorth Factor 192.3 Money Flow Series 202.3.1 Cash Flow Diagram 202.3.2 Rate of Return, Benefit-Cost Ratio, and Capital Recovery Factor 252.4 Thermo-economics 29Problems 29References 303 Common Thermofluid Devices 323.1 Common Components of Thermofluid Systems 333.2 Valves 343.2.1 Ball Valves 343.2.2 Butterfly Valves 353.2.3 Gate Valves 353.2.4 Globe Valves 353.2.5 Needle Valves 373.2.6 Pinch Valves 383.2.7 Plug Valves 383.2.8 Poppet Valves 393.2.9 Saddle Valves 393.2.10 Some Comments on Valves 403.3 Ducts, Pipes, and Fittings 403.3.1 Laminar and Turbulent Flow 403.3.2 Entrance to Fully Developed Pipe Flow 423.3.3 Friction of Fully-Developed Pipe Flow 443.3.4 Head Loss along a Pipe Section 473.3.5 Minor Head Loss 503.4 Piping Network 52Problems 54References 554 Heat Exchangers 564.1 Effective Exchange of Thermal Energy 574.2 Types of Heat Exchangers 594.3 Indirect-Contact Heat Exchangers 604.3.1 A Single Fluid in a Conduit of Constant Temperature 604.3.2 Heat Transfer from a Hot Stream to a Cold Stream 644.3.3 Log Mean Temperature Difference 664.3.4 Correction Factor 694.4 Comments on Heat Exchanger Selection 71Problems 73References 745 Equations 755.1 Introduction 765.1.1 Model Versus Simulation 775.1.2 Simulation 795.2 Types of Models 805.2.1 Analog Models 815.2.2 Mathematical Models 845.2.3 Numerical Models 845.2.4 Physical Models 855.3 Forms of Mathematical Models 855.4 Curve Fitting 865.4.1 Least Error Linear Fits 865.4.2 Least Error Polynomial Fits 895.4.3 Non-Polynomial into Polynomial Functions 925.4.4 Multiple Independent Variables 93Problems 94References 956 Thermofluid System Simulation 966.1 What is System Simulation? 976.2 Information-Flow Diagram 986.3 Solving a Set of Equations via the Matrix Approach 1006.4 Sequential versus Simultaneous Calculations 1066.5 Successive Substitution 1066.6 Taylor Series Expansion and the Newton-Raphson Method 1136.6.1 Taylor Series Expansion 1136.6.2 The Newton-Raphson Method 116Problems 122References 1247 Formulating the Problem for Optimization 1257.1 Introduction 1267.2 Objective Function and Constraints 1277.3 Formulating a Problem to Optimize 128Problems 139References 1428 Calculus Approach 1448.1 Introduction 1458.2 Lagrange Multiplier 1468.3 Unconstrained, Multi-Variable, Objective Function 1488.4 Multi-Variable Objective Function with Equality Constraints 1518.5 Significance of the Lagrange Multiplier Operation 1558.6 The Lagrange Multiplier as a Sensitivity Coefficient 1618.7 Dealing with Inequality Constraints 163Problems 164References 1669 Search Methods 1679.1 Introduction 1689.2 Elimination Methods 1699.2.1 Exhaustive Search 1699.2.2 Dichotomous Search 1729.2.3 Fibonacci Search 1759.2.4 Golden Section Search 1789.2.5 Comparison of Elimination Methods 1819.3 Multi-variable, Unconstrained Optimization 1819.3.1 Exhaustive Search 1819.3.2 Lattice Search 1839.3.3 Univariate Search 1859.3.4 Steepest Ascent/Descent Method 1879.4 Multi-variable, Constrained Optimization 1939.4.1 Penalty Function Method 1939.4.2 Search-Along-a-Constraint (Hemstitching) Method 196Problems 205References 20710 Geometric Programming 20810.1 Common Types of Programming 20910.2 What is Geometric Programming? 21010.3 Single-Variable, Unconstrained Geometric Programming 21010.4 Multi-Variable, Unconstrained Geometric Programming 21510.5 Constrained Multi-Variable Geometric Programming 21810.6 Conclusion 225Problems 226References 227Appendix: Sample Design and Optimization Projects 228A.1 Introduction 229A.2 Cavern-based Compressed Air Energy Storage 229A.3 Underwater Compressed Air Energy Storage 233A.4 Compressed Air Energy Storage Underground 235A.5 Geothermal Heat Exchanger 235A.6 Passive Cooling of a Photovoltaic Panel for Efficiency 237A.7 Desert Expedition 238A.8 Fire- and Heat-Resilient Designs 240References 241Index 243

O autorze

David S.K. Ting is a Professor of Mechanical, Automotive, and Materials Engineering at the University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. He has taught over a dozen courses at UWindsor and is the founder of its Turbulence and Energy Laboratory. He has co-authored over 140 journal papers, authored 3 textbooks and co-edited 10 volumes, is affiliated with ASHRAE, ASME, and SAE, and was named the 2018 Best Reviewer of the Year by ASME's Heat Transfer Division.