Endotoxin

ISBN-13: 9781475751420 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 715 str.

H. Friedman

Opis

This volume is based on the proceedings of the International Symposium on Bacterial Endotoxins held in Japan. May 11-14. 1988 and sponsored by the International Endotoxin Society and the International Society for Immuno- pharmacology. Speakers and participants of this symposium provided new information concerning fundamental and clinical aspects of endotoxin research conducted over the last half decade or so. Advances have been made in understanding the structure and nature of endotoxin molecules and their effects on a wide variety of both cellular and subcellular aspects, of immunity. metabolism and physiology. both in vivo and in vitro. Endotoxins are constituents of gram negative bacteria. Since their original discovery in the nineteenth century. many laboratories studied their chemical composition. their physico- and immunochemica1 properties. as well as their pharmacological and physiological effects on the host. Much is now known about the chemical structure of the endotoxins. There is also a grow- ing body of information concerning the multiple effects of endotoxins on the host including immune mechanisms. Some effects have been found to be benefi- cial to the host and endotoxins are being used more frequently to induce important mediators of immunity as well as increasing resistance against infections by many microorganisms as well as inhibiting growth of tumors in experimental animal models and in man.

Spis treści

Chemical Synthesis of Endotoxin.- Structural Requirements of Lipid A for Endotoxicity and Other cal Activities — An Overview.- Natural Variants of Lipid A.- Immunochemistry of Lipid A.- Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides: Relationship of Structure and Conformation to Endotoxic Activity, Serological Specificity and Biological Function.- Structure-Activity Relationship of Chemically Synthesized Nonreducing Parts of Lipid A Analogs.- The Chemical Structure of the Lipopolysaccharide of A Rc-Type Mutant of Proteus Mirabilis Lacking 4-Amino-4-Deoxy-L Arabinose and its Susceptibility Towards Polymyxin B.- The Structure of O-Specific Polysaccharide of Proteus Vulgaris 019 Lipopolysaccharide.- Endotoxins of Pseudomonas Fluorescens.- Cloning and Expression of rfe Gene.- Cloning and Analysis of rfb Gene Synthesizing the Mannan 0 Side Chain of Escherichia coli 09 Lipopolysaccharide.- The Activation of C3H/HeJ Cells by Certain Types of Lipopolysaccharides.- Lipoamino Acids which are Similar to Bacterial Endotoxin in Both Structure and Biological Activity Related to Physiological Function.- Chemistry and Biology of a Novel Lipid Contaminant of Some Endotoxin Preparations with Selective Cytotoxicity to Transformed Cells.- Porin as a Component of Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis Endotoxin.- Lipopolysaccharides of Non-Cholera Vibrios Possessing Common Antigen Factor to 01 Vibrio cholerae.- Immunocytochemical Localization of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide with Colloidal-Gold Probes in Different Target Cells.- Development of a New Quantitative Method for Detection of Endotoxin by Fluorescence Labeling of 3-Hydroxy Fatty Acid.- A New Endotoxin-Specific Assay.- A New Perchloric Acid Treatment of Human Plasma for Detection of Endotoxin by an Endotoxin-Specific Chromogenic Test.- Fluorescent Detection of Lipopolysaccharide Interactions with Model Membranes.- Interaction of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in In Vitro Hexagonal Assembly of R-Form Lipopolysaccharides.- Biological Activities of Anti-LPS Factor and LPS Binding Peptide from Horseshoe Crab Amoebocytes.- Primary Structures and Functions of Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factor and Tachyplesin Peptide Found in Horseshoe Crab Hemocytes.- Investigation of Endotoxin Binding Cationic Proteins from Granulocytes; Agglutination of Erythrocytes Sensitized with RE-LPS.- Interaction of Bacterial Endotoxin (LPS) with Fluid Phase and Macrophage Membrane Associated C1Q, the FC-Recognizing Component of the Complement System.- Further Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella Minnesota Strain R595.- Specificity and Function of Monoclonal Antibodies Reactive with Discrete Structural Elements of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide.- Mechanisms of Neutralization of Endotoxin by Monoclonal Antibodies to O and R Determinants of Lipopolysaccharide.- Possible Refractory Site on LPS-Induced Interleukin 1 Production in C3H/HeJ Peritoneal Macrophages.- The Role of 13-Hydroxylinoleic Acid in the Activation of Macrophages by Lipopolysaccharide.- Modulation of Interleukin 1 Production by Endotoxin, Pertussis Toxin, and Indomethacin.- Immunopharmacologic Aspects of Lipopolysaccharide Endotoxin Action with Special Reference to Cyclic Nucleotides.- Mechanisms of Endotoxin Stimulation of Monocytes in Whole Blood.- Comparative Study of Lipopolysaccharide- Lipid IVa-, and Lipid X-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor Production in Murine Macrophage-Like Cell Lines.- Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Priming of the Murine Macrophage-Like Cell Line J774A.1 for Enhanced Production of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates is Blocked by Antiserum to Murine Interferon B.- Lipopolysaccharide-Containing Cytoplasmic Membranes as Immunostimulators of the Peritoneal Macrophages.- Effects of Lipopolysaccharide or Recombinant Human-Interleukin-1? on Chemiluminescence by Peritoneal Macrophages from Normal and MRL-lpr-/lpr Mice.- LPS-Mediated Triggering of T Lymphocytes in Immune Response Against Gram-Negative Bacteria.- Involvement of I-A-Restricted B-B Cell Interaction in the Polyclonal B Cell Differentiation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide.- Identification and Characterization of Lipopolysaccharide Receptor Molecules on Mammalian Lymphoid Cells.- Regulatory Mechanism of Expression of LPS Binding Site (S) and Signaling Events by LPS in Macrophages.- Endotoxin and Kupffer Cells in Liver Disease.- Metabolic Fate of Endotoxin in Rat.- Bacterial Endotoxin as a Probe to Investigate Viral Induced Immune Deficiencies.- Immunoadjuvanticity of Endotoxins and Nontoxic Derivatives for Normal and Leukemic Immunocytes.- Various Aspects of Synergism between Endotoxin and MDP.- The Mediation of Endotoxin-Induced Beneficial Effects by Cytokines.- The Mechanism of Adjuvant Action of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide in Subcutaneous Immunization.- Lipid A, the Immunostimulatory Principle of Lipopolysaccharides?.- A Study of the Cellular and Molecular Mediators of the Adjuvant Action of a Nontoxic Monophosphoryl Lipid A.- Anti-LPS Region Antibody Responses and Cellular Immune Responsiveness in Typhoid Patients.- Lipopolysaccharide, but not Lethal Infection, Releases Tumor Necrosis Factor in Mice.- Biological Properties of Lipopolysaccharides Isolated from Bordetella.- Alterations of Responses to Bacterial Endotoxin by Bacteroides fragilis in Vivo and in Vitro.- Mechanisms of the Lethal Action of Endotoxin and Endotoxin Hypersensitivity.- Septic Shock in the Elderly.- Endotoxin-Induced Cytokines in Human Septicemia.- Lipid A Precursors Protect against Endotoxin Challenge.- New Therapeutic Method against Septic Shock — Removal of Endotoxin Using Extracorporeal Circulation.- Immunotherapy with Bacterial Endotoxins.- Stimulation of Nonspecific Resistance by Radio-Detoxified Endotoxin.- Monoclonal Antibody to Lipid A Prevents the Development of Haemodynamic Disorders in Endotoxemia.- Endotoxin Size in Hemodialysis Solutions: Modifications in Presence of Concentrated Salt Solutions and Bacterial Products.- Protective Effect of SalmonellaTyphimurium Re-LPS Antiserum.