Section I: Basics of Endoscopic Ultrasonography 1 Principles of Ultrasound 2 Equipment 3 Training and Simulators 4 Indications, Preparation, and Adverse Effects 5 New Techniques in EUS: Multiparametric Endoscopic Ultrasound Imaging Section II: Mediastinum 6 How to Perform an EUS Examination of the Esophagus and Mediastinum 7 Endoscopic Ultrasonography in Esophageal and Gastric Cancer 8 Endoscopic Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Posterior Mediastinal Lesions and Lung Cancer Section III: Stomach 9 How to Perform an EUS Examination of the Stomach 10 Subepithelial Lesions Section IV: Pancreas and Biliary Tree 11 How to Perform an Endoscopic Ultrasonography Examination of the Pancreas, Bile Duct,and Liver 12 EUS in Inflammatory Diseases of the Pancreas 13 Endoscopic Ultrasound and Pancreatic Tumors 14 Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Pancreatic Cysts 15 EUS in Bile Duct, Gallbladder, and Ampullary Lesions Section V: Anorectum 16 How to Perform Anorectal Endoscopic Ultrasonography 17 Endoscopic Ultrasonography in Rectal Cancer 18 Evaluation of the Anal Sphincter by Anal Endosonography Section VI: Endoscopic Ultrasonography- Guided Tissue Acquisition 19 How to Perform Endoscopic Ultrasonography- Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration and Fine-Needle Biopsy