Encyclopedia of the Scientific Revolution: From Copernicus to Newton

ISBN-13: 9780415988469 / Angielski / Miękka / 2008 / 800 str.

Applebaum, Wilbur

Opis

With unprecedented current coverage of the profound changes in the nature and practice of science in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Europe, this comprehensive reference work addresses the individuals, ideas, and institutions that defined culture in the age when the modern perception of nature, of the universe, and of our place in it is said to have emerged.

Covering the historiography of the period, discussions of the Scientific Revolution's impact on its contemporaneous disciplines, and in-depth analyses of the importance of historical context to major developments in the sciences, The Encyclopedia of the Scientific Revolution is an indispensible resource for students and researchers in the history and philosophy of science.

Spis treści

A; Académie Royale des Sciences; Academies; Accademia dei Lincei; Accademia del Cimento; Acosta, José de (ca. 1540–1600); Acoustics; Acta eruditorum; Active Principles; Aerostatics.; Agricola, Georgius (1494–1555); Agriculture; Agrippa von Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius (1486–1535); Air Pump; Alchemy; Aldrovandi, Ulisse (1522–1605); Algebra; Almanacs; Analytic Geometry; Anatomy; Andreae, Johann Valentin (1586–1654); Anthropology and Race; Apian, Peter (1495–1552); Apothecaries.; Archaeology and Antiquities; Architecture; Aristotelianism; Arnauld, Antoine (1612–1694); Art; Ashmole, Elias (1617–1692); Astrolabe; Astrology; Astronomical tables and Ephemerides; Astronomy; Atomism; Attraction; Automata; Auzout, Adrien (1622–1691); B; Bacon, Francis (1561–1626); Baconianism; Baliani, Giovanni Battista (1582–1666); Ballistics and Gunnery; Barometer; Barrow, Isaac (1630–1677); Bartholin, Erasmus (1625–1698); Bartholin, Thomas (1616–1680); Basso, Sebastian (fl. 1560–1625); Bauhin, Gaspard (1560–1624) and Jean (1541–1613); Becher, Johann Joachim (1635–1682); Beeckman, Isaac (1588–1637); Beguin, Jean (ca. 1550–ca. 1620); Bellini, Lorenzo (1643–1704); Belon, Pierre (1517–1564); Benedetti, Giovanni Battista (1530–1590); Berengario da Carpi, Giacomo (1460–1530); Bernoulli, Jakob I (1654–1705); Bernoulli, Johann I (1667–1748); Biblical Chronology; Biblical Interpretation; Biringuccio, Vannoccio (1480–ca. 1540); Blaeu, Willem Janszoon (1571–1638); Boerhaave, Hermann (1668–1738); Book of Nature; Books of Secrets; Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso (1608–1679); Botanical Gardens; Botany; Boulliau, Ismaël (1605–1694); Boyle, Robert (1627–1691); Brahe, Tycho (1546–1601); Briggs, Henry (1561–1631); Brouncker, William (1620–1684); Brunfels, Otto (ca. 1489–1534); Bruno, Giordano (1548–1600); Buonamici, Francesco (ca. 1535–1603); Bureau d'adresse; Bürgi, Joost (1552–1632); Burnet, Thomas (ca. 1635–1715); C; Cabala.; Calculating Machine; Calculus; Calendar Reform; Cambridge Platonists; Camera Obscura; Camerarius (Camerer), Rudolph Jacob (1665–1721); Campanella, Tommaso (1568–1639); Cardano, Girolamo (1501–1576); Cartesianism; Cartography; Casa de la Contratación; Cassini, Gian Domenico (Jean-Dominique) (1625–1712); Causality; Cavalieri, Bonaventura (1598–1647); Cavendish, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle (née Lucas) (1623–1673); Celestial Spheres; Cesalpino, Andrea (1519–1603); Cesi.; Charleton, Walter (1620–1707); Chemical Philosophy; Chemistry; Cimento.; Class.; Classification of the Sciences; Clavius, Christoph (1538–1612); Clocks.; Clockwork Universe; Coiter, Volcher (1534–1576); Collège Royal; Colleges of Physicians; Collegio Romano; Colombo, Realdo (ca. 1510–1559); Color; Comets; Commandino, Federico (1509–1579); Compass, Magnetic; Contagion.; Conway, Anne, Viscountess Conway (née Finch) (1631–1679); Copernicanism; Copernicus, Nicolaus (1473–1543); Corpuscularianism.; Correspondence Networks; Correspondences; Cosmic Dimensions; Cosmogony; Court Cultures.; Craftsman-and-Scholar Thesis; Crollius, Oswald (ca. 1560–1609); Cross-Staff; Cudworth, Ralph (1617–1688); D; Decimals; Dee, John (1527–1608); Della Porta.; Demonstration; Descartes, René (1596–1650); Dialectic; Diffraction; Digby, Kenelm (1603–1665); Digges, Thomas (ca. 1546–1595); Discourse, Styles of; Dissection; Dodoens, Rembert (1516–1585); Dürer, Albrecht (1471–1528); Dynamics; E; Educational Reform; Electricity; Elements; Emblematics; Embryology; Empiricism; Encyclopedias; Ephemerides.; Epicureanism; Epigenesis; Ercker, Lazarus (ca. 1530–1594); Ether; Etiology; Eustachio, Bartolomeo (ca. 1510–1574); Experience and Experiment; Exploration and Discovery; F; Fabri, Honoré (1607–1688); Fabrici, Girolamo (Fabricius ab Acquapendente) (ca. 1533–1619); Falloppio, Gabriele (1523–1562); Fermat, Pierre de (1601–1665); Fermentation; Fernel, Jean François (1497–1558); Flamsteed, John (1646–1719); Fludd, Robert (1574–1637); Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de (1657–1757); Force; Fortification; Fracastoro, Girolamo (ca. 1478–1553); Fuchs, Leonhart (1501–1566); G; Galenism; Galilei, Galileo (1564–1642); Galileo and the Church; Gascoigne, William (ca. 1612–ca. 1644); Gassendi, Pierre (1592–1655); Gemma Frisius, Reiner (1508–1555); Generation; Geography; Geoheliocentrism; Geology/Mineralogy; Geometry.; Gessner, Conrad (1516–1565); Gilbert, William (1544–1603); Glanvill, Joseph (1636–1680); Glauber, Johann Rudolf (1604–1670); Glisson, Francis (1597–1677); Globes, Astronomical and Terrestrial; Government and Science; Graaf, Regnier de (1641–1673); Gravitation.; Greenwich Observatory.; Gregory, David (1659–1708); Gregory, James (1638–1675); Gresham College; Grew, Nehemiah (1641–1712); Grimaldi, Francesco Maria (1618–1663); Guericke, Otto von (1602–1686); Guinter of Andernach, Joannes (ca. 1505–1574); Gunnery.; H; Halley, Edmond (ca. 1656–1743); Harmonics.; Harriot, Thomas (ca. 1560–1621); Hartlib, Samuel (ca. 1600–1662); Harvey, William (1578–1657); Heat; Helmont, Johannes Baptista van (1579–1644); Herbals.; Hermetism; Hernández, Francisco (1515–1587); Hevelius, Johannes (1611–1687); Histories of Trades; Hobbes, Thomas (1588–1679); Hooke, Robert (1635–1703); Horology; Horrocks, Jeremiah (1618–1641); Humanism; Humors; Huygens, Christiaan (1629–1695); Hydraulics and Hydrostatics; Hydrostatics.; Hypothesis; I; Iatrochemistry; Iatromechanics; Ideology, Science as; Illustration; Impetus; Inertia; Infinitesimals; Infinity, Mathematical; Infinity of the World; Instrument Makers; Intelligencers.; Internalist/Externalist Historiography; J; Jesuits.; Journal des sçavans; K; Kabbalah; Kepler, Johannes (1571–1630); Keplerianism; Kinematics; Kircher, Athanasius (1602–1680); L; Laboratories; La Hire, Philippe de (1640–1718); Langren, Michael Florent van (1598–1675); Laws of Nature; Leeuwenhoek, Antoni van (1632–1723); Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716); Lemery, Nicolas (1645–1715); Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519); Libavius, Andreas (1540–1616); Libraries; Light Transmission; Lincei.; Lister, Martin (1639–1712); Literature; Locke, John (1632–1704); Logarithms; Logic; Longomontanus.; Lower, Richard (1631–1691); M; Macrocosm/Microcosmicrocosm; Maestlin, Michael (1550–1631); Magic; Magic and the Scientific Revolution; Magini, Giovanni Antonio (1555–1617); Magnetism; Malebranche, Nicolas (1638–1715); Malpighi, Marcello (1628–1694); Mapmaking.; Mariotte, Edmé (ca. 1620–1684); Marxist Historiography; Mass; Mathematical Practitioners.; Mathematics; Matter; Maurolico, Francesco (1494–1575); Mayow, John (1641–1679); Measurement; Mechanical Philosophy; Mechanics; Medical Education; Medicine; Medieval Science and the Scientific Revolution; Menageries; Mercator, Gerard (1512–1594); Mercator, Nicolaus (ca. 1619–1687); Mersenne, Marin (1588–1648); Meteorology; Microscope; Microscopy; Mining and Metallurgy; Mixed Sciences; Monte, Guidobaldo del (1545–1607); Montmor Academy; More, Henry (1614–1687); Motion; Museums and Collections; Music/Harmonics; N; Napier, John (1550–1617); Natural History; Natural Laws.; Natural Theology.; Navigation; Neoplatonism; Neopythagoreanism; Newcastle, Duchess Of.; Newton, Isaac (1642–1727); Novae; Nuñes, Pedro (1502–1578); O; Observatoire de Paris; Oldenburg, Henry (ca. 1619–1677); Optics; Ortelius, Abraham (1527–1598); Oughtred, William (1575–1660); Oxford Philosophical Society; P; Pacioli, Luca (ca. 1445–1517); Paracelsus (ca. 1493–1541); Parallax; Paré, Ambroise (ca. 1510–1590); Pascal, Blaise (1623–1662); Pathology.; Patronage; Peiresc, Nicolas-Claude Fabri de (1580–1637); Perspective; Petit, Pierre (ca. 1598–1677); Petty, William (1623–1687); Peurbach, Georg (1423–1461); Pharmacology; Pharmacy; Philosophical Transactions; Physico-Theology; Physics; Physiology; Picard, Jean (1620–1682); Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni (1463–1494); Platonism.; Plurality of Worlds; Pneuma; Pneumatics; Political Economy.; Political Theory; Popularization; Porta, Giambattista della (1535–1615); Positivist Historiography; Power, Henry (1623–1668); Praetorius (Richter), Johannes (1537–1616); Precession; Preformation; Printing; Prisca theologia; Probability; Progress.; Proof.; Proportional Dividers; Protestantism.; Providence, Divine; Psychology; Ptolemaic Astronomy; Public Knowledge; Puritanism and Science; Q; Quadrant; Qualities; R; Ramelli, Agostino (1531–1590); Ramus, Peter (1515–1572); Ray, John (1620–1705); Realism; Recorde, Robert (1510–1558); Redi, Francesco (1626–1697); Reflection; Reformation, Protestant; Refraction; Regiomontanus, Johannes (1436–1476); Reinhold, Erasmus (1511–1553); Religion and Natural Philosophy; Resolution and Composition; Revolutions in Science; Rheticus, Georg Joachim (1514–1574); Rhetoric; Riccioli, Giovanni Battista (Giambattista) (1598–1671); Richer, Jean (1630–1696); Roberval, Gilles Personne de (1602–1675); Rohault, Jacques (1620–1675); Römer, Ole Christensen (1644–1710); Rondelet, Guillaume (1507–1566); Rosicrucianism; Rothmann, Christoph (fl. 1555–1597); Royal Academy of Sciences.; Royal Observatory at Greenwich; Royal Society of London; S; Scaliger, Julius Caesar (1484–1558); Scheiner, Christoph (1573–1650); Scholasticism.; Schooten, Frans van (ca. 1615–1660); Scientific Revolution; Scientific Societies.; Secrets of Nature; Sennert, Daniel (1572–1637); Series, Mathematical; Servetus, Michael (1511–1553); Severin, Christian (Christen Sørensen; Longomontanus or Langberg) (1562–1647); Sex and Gender; Shipbuilding; Signatures.; Skepticism; Slide Rule; Sluse, René-François de (1622–1685); Snel (Snellius or Snel van Royen), Willebrord (1580–1626); Social Class and Science; Society of Jesus; Soul; Space; Species; Spinoza, Benedict de (1632–1677); Spirit; Spontaneous Generation; Stahl, Georg Ernst (1660–1734); Statistics; Steno, Nicolaus (Niels Stensen) (1638–1686); Stevin, Simon (1548–1620); Stoicism; Styles of Science: National, Regional, and Local; Surgery; Surveying; Swammerdam, Jan (1637–1680); Sydenham, Thomas (1624–1689); Sylvius, Franciscus (Franz de le Boë) (1614–1672); T; Taxonomy; Teleology; Telescope; Telescopic Astronomy; Telesio, Bernardino (1509–1588); Theology.; Theories of the Earth; Theory; Thermoscope/Thermometer; Tides; Time; Torricelli, Evangelista (1608–1647); Tournefort, Joseph Pitton de (1656–1708); Towneley, Richard (1629–1707); Translations; Trigonometry; Tyson, Edward (1650–1708); U; Universal Languages; Universities; Uraniborg; Ursus (Bär), Nicolaus Raimarus (1551–1600); Utopias; V; Vacuum.; Vacuum Pump.; Vallisneri, Antonio (1661–1730); Valverde, Juan (ca. 1525–ca. 1588); Van Helmont.; Van Leeuwenhoek.; Van Schooten.; Varignon, Pierre (1654–1722); Vauban, Sébastien Le Prestre (1633–1707); Vesalius, Andreas (1514–1564); Viète, François (1540–1603); Virtuosi; Vision; Vitalism; Vives, Juan Luis (1492–1540); Viviani, Vincenzio (1622–1703); Void; W; Wallis, John (1616–1703); Ward, Seth (1617–1689); Warfare of Science and Theology; Wendelin, Gottfried (Vendelinus) (1580–1667); Whiston, William (1667–1752); White, Thomas (1593–1676); Wilkins, John (1614–1672); Willis, Thomas (1621–1675); Willughby, Francis (1635–1672); Witchcraft; Witt, Jan de (1625–1672); Wittich, Paul (ca. 1546–1586); Women and Natural Philosophy; Wren, Christopher (1632–1723); Wright, Edward (1558–1615); Z; Zabarella, Jacopo (1533–1589); Zoology

O autorze

Wilbur Applebaum is Professor Emeritus at Illinois Institute of Technology, where he taught the history of science for twenty-five years. His research interests and publications center on seventeenth-century astronomy and the Scientific Revolution, for which he has received grants from the National Science Foundation, Mellon Foundation, National Institute of Mental Health and the American Philosophical Society. He has served in a consulting capacity for the Museum of Science and Industry and the Adler Planetarium in Chicago.

Among his recent publications are "Epistemological and Political Implications of the Scientific Revolution." In Science, Pseudo-science, and Utopianism in Early Modern Thought, edited by Stephen A. McKnight, and "Keplerian Astronomy after Kepler: Researches and Problems," in the journal History of Science.