Encyclopedia of Early Cinema

ISBN-13: 9780415234405 / Angielski / Twarda / 2005 / 704 str.

Richard Abel

Opis

In this major A-Z work, 'early cinema' refers to the first 20 or 25 years of the cinema's emergence at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries, from the early 1890s to the middle 1910s. Coverage of the pre-cinema period is also given in order to describe not only the apparatus, and its inventors, on the basis of which cinema would develop, but also those mass-cultural forms and practices within which cinema was to emerge. The Encyclopedia presents information on the basic trajectory of early cinema history, with coverage of film production, filmmakers, film genres, and individual films, but in addition a major task of the work is to present information from the revisionist history of early cinema, with its focus on the changing nature of film exhibition and the changing patterns of reception. The Encyclopedia reveals that early cinema was inextricably bound up with other forms and practices of mass culture, that it emerged as a combination of existing and innovative elements, and that it was an unusually hybrid medium that only gradually coalesced into something more or less distinct. Consultant editors: Stephen Bottomore, UK; Donald Crafton, University o

Spis treści

access; Acres, Birt; acting styles; actualités; Addams, Jane; advertising; advertising films; Africa, Belgian; Africa, French; Africa, German colonies; Agence cinématographique générale; Agence Générale Cinématographique (AGC); AGFA; Aiken, Harry; Aikens, Fred C.; airdomes; AKGT/PAGU; Alberini, Filoteo; Alpha Trading Company; Altenloh, Emilie; Alva Brothers; amateur films; Ambrosio, Arturo; American Biograph (France); American Film Co.; American Mutoscope and Biograph; Amet, Edward; amplifiers; amusement parks; Anderson, G. M.; Andréani, André; Andreyor, Yvette; Andriot, (Camille-) Josette; animal pictures; animation; Ankerstjerne, Johan; Anschütz, Ottomar; Aquila; archaeology of cinema/pre-cinema; Arche, Alto; archives; Argentina; Arguillière, Alexandre; Armat, Thomas; Arnaud, Etienne; Asia Film Co.; Atelier Apollo; Aubert, Etablissements L.; Aubert, Louis; audience: issues and debates; Aurora Cinema; Australasian Films; Australia; Austro-Hungarian Empire; authentication; autorenfilm; Baggott, King; Bakshy, Alexander; Balaban, Barney & A. J.; Balkans, the (including Greece); Balshoffer, Fred; Bamforth; Barcinógrafo; Barker Film; Barker Motion Photography; Barker, Will; Barnes, Justin D.; Baron, Auguste; Bartling, Georg; Bassermann, Albert; Bauer, Evgenii; Baumann, Charles; Becce, Giuseppe; Becerril, Guillermo; Bedding, Thomas; Belge Cinéma SA (Pathé); Belgium; Belot, Charles; Benoît-Lévy, Edmond; benshi; Bergqvist, John; Bernard, Ferdinand Bon; Bernhardt, Sarah; Berst, J. A.; Bertini, Francesca; Bhatvedekar, Harishchandra; Bianchi, Joseph T.; biblical films; Billboard; Binger, Maurits Herman; Biograph; Biorama; Bioscope (British trade journal); Bioscope Company of Canada; Bitzer, Billy; black cinema, USA; Blackton, J. Stuart; Blair Film Company (USA); Blom, August; Boggs, Francis; Bolivia; Bolten-Baeckers, Heinrich; Bonine, Robert; Bonnard, Mario; Borelli, Lyda; Bos, Annie; Bosetti, Romeo; Bosworth, Hobart; Bourbon, Ernest; Bouregois, Gérard; boxing films; Brazil; Breteaux; Brézillon, Léon; British & Colonial Kinematograph (B & C); British Gaumont; British Mutoscope and Biograph; British Pathe London; Broncho Film Co.; Brown, Theodore; Brulator, Jules; Buckwalter, H. H.; Bull, Lucien; Bullock, William; Bunny, John; Bunzli, Victor; Burguet, Charles; Burlingham, Frederick; Bush, W. Stephen; Bushman, Francis K.; Bussenius, Gabriela; Butcher's Film Service; Cabanne, William Christie; Caesar; café-concerts, France; Cairo, Humberto; Calcina; Calmettes, André; Cambodia; camera movement; camera, distance and angle; camera: Casler & Co. Biograph 70mm; camera: Newman & Sinclair Reflex; cameras: Aeroscope; cameras: Bell & Howell Studio; cameras: Biograph; cameras: Debris; cameras: Edison Kinetograph camera; cameras: Gaumont; cameras: Pathé; Canada; Canudo, Ricciotto; Capellani, Albert; Capellani, Paul; capitalism, USA; Capozzi, Alberto; Carl, Renée; Carpentier, Jules; Carré, Michel; Caserini, Mario; Cassaus, Jose E.; Castillo, Louis; Caucasus region; Celio celluloid film stock development; Centaur/Nestor; Chaplin, Charles; Chardynin, Petr; Charles Urban Trading Company; chase films; Chautard, Emile; chautauquas; Cheetham, Arthur; Chernova, Nina; Chicago Film Exchange; Chile; China; Chomón, Segundo de; Christensen, Benjamin; Chronochrome Gaumont; chronophone; chronophotography; churches as exhibition venues; Ciné-Journal; Cinema; cinema circuits or chains; Cinéma du peuple, Le; Cinéma et l'Echo du cinéma, Le; cinema of attractions; Cinema, The; Cinematografia Italiana ed Estera, La; Cinés; Cino-Fono, La; Clarendon Film Company; classical Hollywood cinema; Clement, Josephine; Clement-Maurice; Cline, Eugene; Clune, William; Codina, J. M.; Cohl, Emile; Coissac, Guillaume-Michel; collections; Collier, John; Collins, Alf; Collo, Alberto; Colombia; colonialism: Europe; color; Comandon, Jean; comedies; Comerio; comic series; comic strips; Comica; Commerical Press Motion Picture Department; communication; Compagnie des Cinéma Halls; concerts; consumer cooperatives, Europe; Continental-Kunstfilm; Continsouza, Pierre-Victor; Corbett, James; Costello, Maurice; costumes; Courrier cinématographique; Crawford, O. T.; criminal films, series and serials; Cuba; Cuesta Valencia; Cunard, Grace; cuts, dissolves, fades; dance films; Dania Biofilm; D'Annunzio, Gabriele; Dansk Biograf; Darling, Alfred; Das Lichtbild-Theater; Davidson, Paul; Davis, Harry; Dawley, J. Searle; De Bedts, George William; De Grandsaignes d'Hauterives, Henry; De Liguoro, Giuseppe; de Riso, Camillo; Debrie, Joseph and André; Decourcelle, Pierre; Decroix, Charles; Deed, André; Del Colle; Delac, Charles; Delmont, Joseph; Demaria, Jules; Demenÿ, Georges; DeMille, Cecil B.; Denmark; department stores; Der Kinematograph; Desfontaines, Henri; Desmet, Jean; detective films, series and serials; Deuter, Martin; Deutsche Mutoskop und Biograph; Di Domenico family; dialogue accompaniment; Diaz Quesada, Enrique; Dickson, W. K. L.; dime museums; Dinesen, Robert; Dintenfass, Mark; dioramas/panoramas; distribution, Europe; distribution, North America; distribution: issues and debates; Donisthorpe, Wordsworth; d'Ors, Eugeni; Doublier, Francis; Doyen, Docteur; Dranem; Drankov (company); Drankov, Alexandr; Durand, Jean; Dureau, Georges; Duse, Eleonara; Duskes, Alfred; Dussaud, François; Dutch Mutscope and Biograph; Dwan, Allan; Dyer, Frank L.; early reactions to moving pictures; Eastern Europe; Eastman Kodak; Eastman, George; Éclair; Éclair American; Eclipse; Ecuador; Edamasa Yoshiro; Edison Manufacturing Co.; Edison, Thomas; editing: early practices and techniques; editing: spatial relations; editing: tableau style; editing: temporal relations; education; Egypt and other Arab countries; electricity; Elfelt, Peter; English pattern cameras; Ermoliev, Yakov; Erste Internationale Film-Zeitung; Esoofally, Abdulally; Essanay; ethnographic films; European Blair Camera Company; Evans, Fred; Ewers, Heinz; Exclusive Supply; exhibition services; exhibitions: issues and debates; expedition films; Fabre, Marcel; facial expression films; fairgrounds: Europe; Falena, Ugo; Famous Players; Farnum, Dustin; Fascinateur, Le; fashion; fast-motion films; féeries or fairy plays; Fengtai photography studio; Ferreya, Jose Augstin 'Le Negro'; Fescourt, Henri; festivals; Feuillade, Louis; film d'art; Film d'Arte Italiana (Pathé); Film Fabrikken Danmark; film stock developments; Film Supply; Film, Le; Filmen; Filmfabrikken Danmark; Films Valetta; Finch, Flora; Finland; Finlandia Film; Fiske, Minnie Maddern; Fitzhamon, Lewin; flashbacks; Fleck-Kolm, Luise; Floury, Edmond; Foersterling, Hermann; Ford, Francis; Ford, Hugh; Foster, William; Fotokinema/ASUM; Fotorama; Fox, William; framing; France: audience; France: distribution/exhibition; France: regulation/censorship; Frau, Raymond; Freer, James Simmons; Fregoli; Fregoli; Fregou, Leopoldo; Frenkel (Bouwmeester) Jnr, Theo; Frenkel (Bouwmeester) Snr, Theo; Friberg, C. A.; Friese-Greene, William; Froelich, Carl; Frusta; Fukuhodo theater chain; Fuller, Mary; Furniss, Harry; Fynes, J. Austin; Gabet, Francisque; Gad, Urban; Gallo, Mario; Ganes, William; Ganguly, D. N.; Gardin, Vladimir; Gardner, Helen; Gärtner, Adolf; Gasnier, Louis; Gaumont; Gaumont Chronophone; Gaumont, Léon; Gauntier, Gene; Gauvreau, Georges; Gavin, John; Gelabert, Fructuoso; General Film; Germany, audiences; Germany, distribution; Germany, exhibition; Germany, production; Germany, regulation; Ghione, Emilio; Giambastiani, Salvado; Giampietro, Josef; Gibbons, Walter; Gildenmeijer, Johan; Gilmore, William J.; Gish, Lillian; Gladtvet, Ottar; Gliewe, Max; Globe Films; Gloria; Glucksman, Max; Gluckstadt; Glückstadt, Vilhelm; Goncharov, Vasili; Gottschalk, Ludwig; Grandais, Suzanne; Grau, Robert; Grauman, Sid(ney); Great Britain: exhibition, audience, regulation; Great Britain: production, distribution; Greater New York Film Co.; Green, George; Green, John C.; Griffin, John C.; Griffith, D. W.; Grimoin-Samson, Raoul; Gual, Adrià; Guazzoni, Enrico; Guillaume, Ferdinando; Gundersen, Jens Christian; Guy, Alice; Gys, Leda; Häfker, Hermann; Haggar, William; Hale's Tours; Hamman, Joë; Hans Frey, Talleres; Hansen, Kai; Harrison, Louis Reeves; Hart, William S.; Hartlooper, L.; Hatot, Georges; Heise, William; Hepworth; Hepworth, Cecil; Heuzé, André; Higgins, Ernest; Hintner, Cornelius; Hispano films; historical films; Hodkinson, W. W.; Hofer, Franz; Holger-Madsen; Holland, Annie; Hollandia Film; Hollandsche Film (Pathé); Holmes, E. Burton; Holmes, Helen; Hopwood, Henry Vaux; Horseley, David; Howe, Lyman; Hulfish, David S. (Sherrill); Hurbeck, William; Hurley, Frank; Hutchinson, Samuel; illustrated lectures; illustrated magazines; illustrated songs; Illustrazione cinematografica, L'; immigration/emigration: Europe; immigration/emigration: USA; IMP; imperialism/colonialism: USA; Ince, Ralph; Ince, Thomas; India; industrial films; Industriel forain, L'; intercutting/cross-cutting; Iran (Persia); Ireland; Irigoyen, Julio; Isola, Emile and Vincent; Itala; Italia Almirante Manzini; Italy; Ivens, C.A.P.; Jacobini, Maria; Janssen, Jules; Japan; Jasset, Victorin; Jeffs, Waller; Jenkins, C. Francis; Johnson and Gibson; Johnson, Arthur; Johnson, Jack; Johnson, Noble; Joly, Henri; Jones, Aaron; Jourjon, Charles; Joyce, Alice; Joye, Abbé; Jury, William; juvenile series; Kaeriyama Norimasa; Kalem; Kamm, Leonard Ulrich; Katz, Sam(muel); Kay Bee; Kearton, Cherry; Kemp, George; Kennedy, Jeremiah; Kessel, Adam; Keystone; Khanzhonkov (company); Khanzhonkov, Alexandr; Kholodnaya, Vera; Kinematographische Rundschau; Kinetoscope; Kinofa; Kinografen; Kinora; Klaw and Erlinger; Kleine Optical; Kleine, George; Klercker, Georg af; Kobayashi Kisaburo; Kohinoor Film; Kolm, Louise Veltée; Kolowrat-Krakowsky, Alexander "Sascha" Joseph; Komada Koyo; Komatsu; Konishi Photographic Store; Kosmofilm; Krauss, Henry; Krüger; La Bonne Press; labor movements, Europe; labor movements, USA; Laemmle Film Service; Laemmle, Carl; Lamster, Johann Christian; Lange, Konrad; Larrain, Arturo; Larsen; Larsen, Viggo; Lasky, Jesse; Latham Brothers; Lauste, Eugène; Lautensack, Heinrich; Lavauchy-Clarke, François-Henri; law, cinema and the; Lawrence, Florence; Le Bargy, Charles; Le Blond, Elizabeth Alice; e Prince, Louis Aime Augustin Léar (Albert Kirchner); lecturer (as sound accompaniment); legitimate theater; leisure time and space, Europe; leisure time and space, USA; leisure time and spance: North America; Leonard, Marion; Lepine, Charles-Lucien; Leprince, René; Les Grands Films Populaires; Levesque, Marcel; Lichtbild-Bühne; lighting; Lincoln, W.J.; Lind, Alfred; Linder, Max; Lo Savio, Gerolamo; Loew, Marcus; Londe, Albert; Long, Samuel; Longford, Raymond; Lordier, Georges; Lowenstein, Hans Otto; Lubin Manufacturing Company; Lubin, Siegmund; Lubitsch, Ernst; Lumière et fils; Lumière, Louis; Lundberg, Frans; Lux, Société des phonographes et cinématographes; Luxembourg; Lykke-Seest, Peter; Lyrra Filmi; Machin, Alfred; Maciste; Mack, Max; Madan Theatres Ltd; Madan, J. F.; Maggese cinematografica; Maggi, Luigi; magic lantern shows; Magnusson, Charles; Maguire and Baucus; Maharashtra Film; Maison de la Bonne Presse; Maître, Maurice André; Majestic; Makino Shozo; Marey, Etienne-Jules; Marion, Frank; Mark, Mitchell; Marro, Albert; Martin Duncan, Francis; Martoglio, Nino; Marvin, Arthur; Marvin, Harry; Mary, Clement; Masao Inoue; Mason, Bert; Mason, J. C. Bee; Mastbaum, Jules and Stanley; Matuszewski, Boleslaw; May, Joe; McCutcheon, Wallace; McDowell, J. B.; McKay, Winsor; McRae, V. H.; medical films; Méliès, Gaston; Méliès, Gaston; Méliès, Georges; melodrama theater; melodramas: domestic; melodramas: sensational; Mendel, Georges; Menichelli, Pina; Mercanton, Louis; Merzback Freres; Mesguich, Felix; Messter; Messter Biophon; Messter, Oskar; Mexico; microscopic films; Migé, Clément; Milano; Miles Brothers; Miller, Arthur; Minier, Louis; Mistinguett; Misu, Mime; Mitchell and Kenyon; Mix, Tom; Modot, Gaston; Monca, Georges; monopoly; capitalism, Europe; Moore, Owen; Morano, Gigetta; Morlhon, Camille de; Mosjoukine, Ivan; Motion Picture Distributing & Sales; Motion Picture Story Magazine; Mottershaw, Frank; Moving Picture News; moving picture novels; moving picture theaters; Moving Picture World; MPPC; Mudaliar, Nataraja; Mullens Brothers; Müller-Lincke, Anna; multiple reel films, Europe; multiple reel films, USA; Münsterberg, Hugo; Murdock, J. J.; Musée Grévin; museum life exhibits; music (cultural context); music halls; music scores; musical accompaniment; Musidora Mutual Film Co.; Muybridge, Eduard; Nalpas, Louis; Napierkowska, Stacia; Napoli; Natan, Bernard; National Board of Censorship; National Film Renting; Natural Colour Kinematograph; Navarre, René; Negroni, Baldassar; Nepoti; Netherlands; New York Clipper; New York Dramatic Mirror; New York Motion Picture (Bison); New Zealand; Newman, Arthur; news event films; newspapers; newsreels; Nickelodeon/Motography; nickelodeons; Nielson, Asta; Nikkatsu (conglomerate); Nilsson, N. P. and Axel; Noggerath Snr and Jnr, Ferdinand Anton; Noguès, Pierre; non-commercial distribution; Nonguet, Lucien; Nordisk; Nordisk Film Tidning; Normand, Mabel; North American Phonograph; Norton, Goodwin; Norway; Notari, Elvira; Novelli, Amleto; novels/short stories; Numa Peterson's Trading Company; Oceania/South Pacific; Olcott, Sidney; Oliver, David; Oliver, Felix; Olsen, Ole; Omegna, Roberto; Onoe Matsunosuke; opera; Optical Lantern Weekly/Kinematograph and Lantern Weekly; Orientaliska teatern; Osterreichischer Komet; Ouimet, Léo-Ernest; Oxilia, Nino; pageants/outdoor spectacles; painting; palace cinemas; Palestine; Paley & Steiner; Paley, William; Panama; Pantakar Friends & Co.; Paris morgue; Parnaland, Ambroise-François; Pasquali & Tempo; Pasquali, Ernesto Maria; Pastrone, Giovanni; Pathé (Australia); Pathé (Japan); Pathé Cinematograph; Pathé Film (Sweden); Pathé Frères; Pathé Russe (company); Pathé, Charles; Pathécolor; Paul, Robert W.; penny arcades; Peon, Ramon; Perret, Léonce; Perry, Joseph; Peru; Peterson, Numa; Phalke, D.-G.; Phalke's Films; phantom train rides; Phantoscope; Philippines; Phono-Ciné-Gazette; Phono-Cinéma-Théâtre; Phonogram; phonography (technology/cultural context); phonoscènes; Phonoscope; photography; Photoplay; Pickford, Mary; Pictures and the Picturegoer; Piel, Harry; Pike, Oliver; Pinschewer, Jules; Pinthus, Kurt; Pirou, Eugène; Poland; polar exploration films; Poli, Sylvester; Polidor; Ponting, Herbert; Popert, Siegmund; pornography; Porten, Henny; Porter, Edwin S.; Portugal; Posnansky, Arthur; post cards; post-production; Pouctal, Henri; POV shot; Power, Nicholas; Powers; Powers; Poyen, René; pre-cinema preservation; Prince, Charles; Pringle, Ralph; production departments; production modes; production: issues and debates; program formats; projectionists; Projectograph; projector: Simplex; projectors; projectors: Casler & Co. Biograph 70mm; projectors: double-film-band; projectors: Edison Home Kinetoscope; projectors: Erneman Imperator; projectors: Gaumont; projectors: glass-plate; projectors: Lumiere; projectors: Nurnberg toy; projectors: optical intermittant; projectors: Pathé; projectors: Pathe KOK; projectors: Powers Cameragraph; projectors: Warwick Bioscope; Projektion; Promio, Alexandre; propaganda films; Proszinski, Kazimirerz; Protazanov, Yakov; Psilander, Valdemar; publicity; Py, Eugenio; Pyke, Montague; Quebec; racial segregation: USA; Raff and Gammon; Raleigh and Robert; Ramos, Antonio; Raymond, Matt; Redfern, Jasper; re-enactments; Reicher, Ernst; Reinhardt, Max; Réjane, Gabrielle; Reliance; religious filmmaking; Relph, Harry (Little Tich); representation: issues and debates; Reulos, Lucien; Rex; Reynaud, Emile; Richardson, Frank Herbert; Riche, Daniel; Riley, Roberti; Robertson, D. W.; Robinne, Gabrielle; Rock, William T.; Rodolfi, Eleuterio; Rogers, George; Roland, Ruth; Rolfe, Alfred; Rollini, G.; Rosas, Enrique; Rosenthal, Joseph; Rossi, Carlo; Rothapfel, S. L. (Roxy); Royal Bioscope; Russian Empire; Rye, Stellan; Sabinski, Czeslaw; Sales Co.; saloons; Salvation Army; Sandberg, Serge; Sandow, Eugene; Santos y Artigua; Sargent, Epes Winthrop; Sascha-Film; Saturn; Saunders, Arthur; Savoia; Saxe, John and Thomas; SCAGL; Schenk, Nicholas and Joseph; Schneider, Eberhard; Schuberg, John; scientific films: Europe; scientific films: USA; Scotland; screens; scriptwriting; Seeber, Guido; Selig Polyscope; Selig, William; Sen, Hiralel; Sennett, Mack; Serena, Gustavo; serials; set design; Sfinks; shadow theater; Shakespeare films; Sheffield Photo; Shepard, Archie; shift to multiple reel/feature films; Shipman, Nell [Helen]; Shirogoro Sawamura; Show World; Sienna, Pedro; Silvio, Alex; Singh, Suchet; Sivan, Casimir; Sjöström, Victor; Skaarup; Skaarup, Frede; Skandinavisk-Russik; Skandinavisk-Russisk Filmskompagni; Skladanowsky, Max and Emil; Skouras, Spyros; Slieker, Christian; Smalley, Philips; Smirnova, Elena; Smith, Albert E.; Smith, F. Percy; Smith, G. A.; Smith, J. W.; Smith, John W.; Solax; sound effects; sound films : Pathé-Frères; sound machines; sound machines; sound projection; Spain; Specht, Georges; spectatorship: issues and debates; Spencer, Cozens; Spoor, George; sports films; staging in depth; Starewicz, Wladyslaw; stars; Steiner, William; stereographs; Sterling, Ford; Stiller, Mauritz; Stokvis, S. B.; Stollwerck, Ludwig; stop motion; Storey, Edith; Stow, Percy; Studio Films; studios; Svenska Biografteatern; Svensk-Amerikanska Filmkompaniet; Swanson; Swanson, William; Sweden: production, distribution, exhibition, audience, regulation; Sweet, Blanche; Switzerland; Tachibana Teijiro; talker pictures; Tally, Thomas Lincoln; Talmadge, Norma; Tanaka Eizo; Tannenbaum, Herbert; Taylor, William; Tenkatsu; Thailand (Siam); Thanhouser; Theophile Pathe et Cie; Thévenon; Thieman & Reinhardt Company; Thiemann, Pavel; Thomas, Arthur Duncan; Thurston, Charles; titles and intertitles; Togores, José; Tokugawa Musei; tonbilder; Topical Film Company; Torino; Toscano, Salvador; Tourneur, Maurice; trade press; transportation; Trautschold, Gustav; traveling exhibitors; travelogues; trick films; Trujillo Duran, Manuel; Turkey/Ottoman Empire; Turner, Florence; Turpin, Ben; Umeya Shokichi; Universal Film Company; Urban, Charles; urbanization; Uruguay; USA, distribution; USA, exhibition; USA, production; USA, regulation/censorship; USA: audiences; Valentin, Karl; Valetta Films; Valle, Federico; Van Goitsenhaven, Louis; Vandel, Marcel; Variety; vaudeville; Velle, Gaston; Venezuela; Venkiah, R.; Vesuvio; Veyre, Gabriel; Vidali; Vietnam; Views and Films; Index/Film Index; Viking Film; visual-audio reproduction, theories of; Vita cinematographica, La; Vitagraph; Vitascope; von Bernard, Bertrand; Von Herkomer, Sir Herbert; Vtrotti; Wales; Walker, William; Walthall, Henry; Walturdaw; war films; Warner, Harry; Warners; Warwick Trading; Waters, Percival; Weber, Lois; Wegener, Paul; Weisse, Hanni; Werner, Michel and Eugène; West, Alfred; West, T.J.; westerns: cowboy and Indian films; white slave films; White, Chrissie; White, James H.; White, Pearl; Wiener Kunstfilm-Industrie; Williams, Kathlyn; Williams, Randall; Williamson, James; WKF/Express; Wolf, Nathan Hyman; Wolff, Philip; women's movement, Europe; women's movement, USA; women's suffrage films; Woods, Frank; world fairs; World Film (USA); World War I; Worringen, Paul von; Wrench Film Company; X-ray films; Yermol'ev; Yokota Einosuke; Yokota Shokai; Yoshizawa Shoten; Young Deer, James; Zacconi, Ermete; Zecca, Ferdinand; Zhang, Shichuang; Zheng, Zhengqiu; Zukor, Adolph

O autorze

Richard Abel is director of the Graduate Certificate Program in Film and Video Studies at the University of Michigan. His essays have appeared in dozens of journals and been translated into French, German, Italian, Spanish and Dutch. Along with several of those essays, four of his books have won national or international awards. Recently he began research on a new project, Trash Twins: Moving Pictures and Newspapers in the USA, 1911-1914.