Electromagnetic Induction Phenomena

ISBN-13: 9783642710179 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 296 str.

David Schieber

Opis

From an engineering perspective, Electrodynamics is the province of two cul tures. The most easily identified of the two is primarily concerned with phe nomena in which the propagation of electromagnetic waves is crucial. Includ ed are the designers of microwave circuits, of antennae and of many-wave length communication channels. The interests of the second group focus on dynamical processes associated with the evolution of field sources, whether these be electrons and holes migrating in a semiconductor, or currents diffus ing in a moving metal. Because the second culture is primarily concerned with the interaction be tween electromagnetic fields and media, where the latter are often responsible for the dominant dynamical processes, it addresses applications that are more widely ranging. A few from a very long list would include electrostatic print ing, rotating machines, power transmission apparatus, the electromagnetics of biological systems and physical electronics. Whether by nature or by de sign, the phenomena of interest are generally electro quasi static or magneto quasistatic in this second branch of electrodynamics. It is tempting to say that the two branches of electrodynamics can be distinguished by the frequency range, but electron-beam and microwave-magnetic devices, with their respec tive plasma oscillations and spin waves, are examples where the frequencies can be in the GHz range while the fundamental interactions are quasistatic. By design, so also are those that determine the frequency response of a transistor."

Spis treści

1. Introduction.- 1.1 Electrodynamics of Moving Media.- 1.1.1 Minkowski Electrodynamics.- 1.1.2 Covariant Description in Arbitrary Frames of Reference.- 1.1.3 Observation of Moving Electrified Matter.- 1.2 Some Remarks on Electrodynamics of Moving Media and Restricted Relativity.- 1.3 Some Remarks on Quasistatics.- 1.4 “Cerenkov Electrodynamics”.- 1.5 Further Remarks on Quasistatics.- 1.6 Summary of Approaches.- 1.7 Outline of Contents.- 2. Principles of Magneto-Electric Interactions.- 2.1 Faraday’s Law in the Presence of Moving Media.- 2.1.1 Overview and Basic Remarks.- 2.1.2 Fitzgerald’s Superpotential and Its Use in Different Frames of Reference.- 2.1.3 Statement of Practical Problem and Basic Assumptions.- 2.1.4 Solution.- 2.1.5 Discussion.- 2.1.6 Appendix.- 2.2 Linear Induction Devices.- 2.2.1 Definition of Problem.- 2.2.2 General Approach to Solution.- 2.2.3 Exciting Field.- 2.2.4 Reaction Field.- 2.2.5 Two Special Cases.- 2.2.6 Power and Thrust Considerations.- 2.2.7 Discussion.- 2.2.8 Appendix.- 2.3 Unipolar Induction — Basic Principles.- 2.3.1 Physical Explanation.- 2.3.2 Formulation of Problem and Approach to Solution.- 2.3.3 Calculation of Sheet Current.- 2.3.4 The Braking Force.- 2.3.5 Appendix.- 2.4 Unipolar Induction — Extended Array.- 2.4.1 Formulation of Problem.- 2.4.2 Solution.- 2.4.3 Appendix.- 2.5 Optimal Dimensions for Braking Electromagnet.- 2.5.1 Two-Way Infinite Sheet.- 2.5.2 Finite-Width Sheet.- 2.5.3 Calculation of Self-Inductance per Unit Length.- 2.6 Unipolar Induction — Circular Motion.- 2.6.1 Formulation of Problem.- 2.6.2 Solution.- 2.6.3 Numerical Solution.- 2.6.4 Appendix.- 3. Electromagnetic Induction: Steady-State — Stationary Configurations.- 3.1 Eddy Currents in Thin Metal Sheets.- 3.1.1 Formulation of Problem.- 3.1.2 General Approach to Solution.- 3.1.3 Primary Field.- 3.1.4 Secondary Field.- 3.1.5 Calculation of Current Flow.- 3.1.6 Outer Zone, R ? r < ?.- 3.1.7 Inner Zone, 0 ? r ? R.- 3.1.8 Coupling of Zones.- 3.1.9 Calculation of Ampère-Turns.- 3.1.10 Discussion.- 3.1.11 Appendix.- 3.2 Operation of Eddy Current Probe Coil.- 3.2.1 Basic Assumptions and Statement of Problem.- 3.2.2 Primary Field.- 3.2.3 Secondary Field.- 3.2.4 Secondary Axial Field at Coil Center.- 3.2.5 Change of Coil Impedance.- 3.2.6 Discussion.- 3.2.7 Appendix.- 3.3 Proximity Effect Between a Plane Metal Screen and a Rectilinear Current Conductor.- 3.3.1 Formulation of Problem.- 3.3.2 Primary Field.- 3.3.3 Secondary Field.- 3.3.4 Spectral Density of Sheet Current.- 3.3.5 Reaction on Current-Carrying Conductor.- 3.3.6 Transient Phenomena.- 3.3.7 Discussion.- 3.3.8 Appendix.- 3.4 On the Inductance of Printed Spiral Coils.- 3.4.1 Formulation of Problem.- 3.4.2 Solution.- 3.4.3 Discussion.- 3.4.4 Appendix.- 4. Electromagnetic Induction: Transient Phenomena — Stationary Configuration.- 4.1 Surge Impedance of Extended Grounding Rods.- 4.1.1 Mathematical Model and Attendant Field Problem.- 4.1.2 Solution of Field Problem.- 4.1.3 Steady-State Resistance Levels of Grounding Rods.- 4.1.4 Discussion.- 4.1.5 Appendix.- 4.2 Field Transients in Saturable Cores.- 4.2.1 Formulation of Problem and Basic Assumptions.- 4.2.2 Field Solution.- 4.2.3 Velocity of Saturation Front.- 4.2.4 Discussion.- 4.2.5 Appendix.- 4.3 Field Switching in the Presence of Superconducting Material.- 4.3.1 Formulation of Problem and Approach to Solution.- 4.3.2 Field Analysis.- 4.3.3 Concluding Remarks.- 4.3.4 Appendix.- 4.4 Electromechanical Transients in Liquid Metal upon Field Disruption.- 4.4.1 Formulation of the Problem.- 4.4.2 Approach to the Solution.- 4.4.3 Electrical Problem.- 4.4.4 Mechanical Problem.- 4.4.5 Discussion.- 4.4.6 Appendix.- 5. Dynamic Phenomena.- 5.1 Wave Interaction with Moving Layers.- 5.1.1 Dielectric Sheet.- 5.1.2 Conducting Sheet.- 5.1.3 Discussion.- 5.2 Wave Propagation Inside Moving Nonmagnetic Media.- 5.2.1 Basic Assumptions and Statement of Problem.- 5.2.2 Solution of Field Problem.- 5.2.3 Some Kinematic Considerations.- 5.2.4 Concluding Remarks.- 5.2.5 Appendix.- 5.3 Electrodynamics of Shielding: Cylindrical Configuration and Exterior Hertz Wave.- 5.3.1 Formulation and Problem.- 5.3.2 Approach to Solution.- 5.3.3 Primary Field.- 5.3.4 Secondary Field.- 5.3.5 Shielding of Electric Field.- 5.3.6 Shielding of Magnetic Field.- 5.3.7 Concluding Remarks.- 5.3.8 Appendix.- 5.4 Electrodynamics of Shielding: Spherical Configuration and Interior Fitzgerald Wave.- 5.4.1 Definition of Problem.- 5.4.2 Approach to Solution.- 5.4.3 Exciting Field.- 5.4.4 Secondary Field.- 5.4.5 Resultant Field.- 5.4.6 Concluding Remarks.- 5.4.7 Appendix.- References.- Acknowledgement.