Electromagnetic Analysis and Condition Monitoring of Synchronous Generators

ISBN-13: 9781119636076 / Angielski / Twarda / 2022

Jawad Faiz; Hossein Ehya

Spis treści

Author BiographiesPrefaceChapter 1 Introduction1.1. Introduction to Condition Monitoring of Electric Machines1.2. Importance of Synchronous Generators1.3. Economic Aspects and Advantages1.4. Intention of the BookChapter 2 Operation Principles, Structure, and Design of Synchronous Generators2.1. Introduction2.3. Types and Constructions of Synchronous Machines2.4. Voltage Equation and Rated Power of the Synchronous Generator2.5. Synchronous Generator Model Parameters2.6. Different Operating Modes of Synchronous Machines2.7. Damper Bars in Synchronous Generators2.8. Losses and Efficiency in Synchronous Generators2.9. High-Voltage Synchronous Generators2.10. Preliminary Design Considerations2.11. Stator Design Considerations2.12. SummaryChapter 3 Transformed Models and Parameter Identification of Synchronous Generators3.1. Introduction3.2. Multi-Phase Synchronous Generator Modeling Based on Park Equations3.4. Parameter Estimation Algorithms3.5. Parameter Accuracy Increments by Considering Saturation3.6. Fault Detection Based on Parameter Deviation3.7. SummaryChapter 4 Introduction to Different Types of Faults in Synchronous Generators4.1. Reasons for Condition Monitoring of Synchronous Generators4.2. Different Faults in Synchronous Generators4.3. Main Factors Leading to Electrical Machine Damage4.4. Major Destruction Factors of Stator Winding4.5. Common Faults in Stator Winding4.6. Rotor Field Winding Fault4.7. Eccentricity Faults4.8. Misalignment Faults4.9. Damper Winding Fault4.10. SummaryChapter 5 Laboratory Scale Implementation5.1. Introduction5.2. Salient Pole Synchronous Generator5.3. Induction Motor5.4. Gearbox5.5. Converter5.6. Rotor Magnetization Unit5.7. DC Power Supply5.8. Local Passive Load5.9. Sensors5.10. Data Acquisition5.11. Fault Implementation5.12. Noise Considerations5.13. SummaryChapter 6. Analytical Modeling Based on Wave and Permeance Method6.1. Introduction6.2. Eccentricity Fault Definition6.3. The Air Gap Magnetic Field6.4. The Electromotive Force in Stator Terminals6.5. The Stator Current6.6. Force Density and Unbalanced Magnetic Pull6.7. Stator Slotting Effects6.8. Magnetic Saturation Effects6.9. The Mixed Eccentricity Fault6.10. The Air Gap Magnetic Field6.11. Induced Electromotive Force in Stator Terminals6.12. Force Density and Unbalanced Magnetic Pull6.13. Short Circuit Modeling6.14. Air Gap Permeance Under a Short Circuit Fault6.15. Force Density and Unbalanced Magnetic Pull under a Rotor Inter-turn Short Circuit Fault6.16.SummaryChapter 7 Analytical Modeling Based on Winding Function Methods7.1. Introduction7.2. History and Usage of the WFM7.3. Winding Function Modeling of a Synchronous Generator7.4. Mutual Inductance Calculation Between the Stator Phases7.5. The Mutual Inductance Between the Stator and Rotor7.6. The Self Inductance of the Rotor7.7. Derivative Forms of Synchronous Generator Inductances7.8. A Practical Case study7.9. Healthy Case Simulation7.10. Faulty Case Simulation7.11. Algorithm for Determination of the Magnetic Saturation Factor7.12. Eccentricity Fault Modeling Considering Magnetic Saturation Under Load Variations7.13. Dynamic Modeling under an Eccentricity Fault7.14. SummaryChapter 8. Finite Element Modeling of a Synchronous Generator8.1. Introduction8.2. Electromagnetic Field Computation8.3. Eddy Current and Core Loss Considerations8.4. Material Modeling8.5. Band Object, Motion Setup, and Boundary Conditions8.6. Mesh Consideration8.7. Time Steps and Simulation Run Time8.8. Transient and Steady-State Modeling8.9. No-Load and On-Load Modeling8.10. 2D and 3D FEM8.11. 3D-FE Equations of the Synchronous Generator8.12. Modeling of the Stator and Rotor Windings of the Generator and Its Load8.13. Air Gap Magnetic Field Measurements8.14. Stray Flux Measurements8.15. Eccentricity Fault Modeling8.16. Stator and Rotor Short Circuit Fault8.17. Broken Damper Bar Modeling8.18. SummaryChapter 9 Thermal Analysis of Synchronous Generators9.1. Introduction9.2. Overview of Thermal Modeling and Analysis9.3. Thermal Modeling and Analyzing Synchronous Generators9.4. Modeling and Analysis of Faulty Synchronous Generators9.5. SummaryChapter 10 Signal Processing10.1. Introduction 210.2. Signals10.3. Fast Fourier Transform10.4. Fast Fourier Transform with an Adjusted Sampling Frequency10.5. Short-Time Fourier Transform10.6. Continuous Wavelet Transform10.7. Discrete Wavelet Transform10.7.1. Wavelet Energies10.7.2. Wavelet Entropy10.8. Hilbert-Huang Transform10.9. Time Series Data Mining10.10. Spectral Kurtosis and Kurtogram10.11. Noise10.12. SummaryChapter 11 Electromagnetic Signature Analysis of Electrical Faults11.1. Introduction11.2. General Introduction to Short Circuit Fault Detection Methods in Synchronous Machines11.3. Stator Short Circuit Fault Types11.4. Synchronous Generator Stator Fault Effects11.5. Fault Diagnosis Methods in the Stator Winding11.6. Stator Short Circuit Fault Detection of Brushless Synchronous Machines11.7. Stator Short Circuit Fault Detection of Powerformers11.8. Stator Short Circuit Fault Detection of Turbo-generators11.9. Inter-turn Short Circuit Fault in Rotor Field Winding11.10 SummaryChapter 12 Electromagnetic Signature Analysis of Mechanical Faults12.1. Introduction12.2. Eccentricity Faults12.3. Stator Core Fault12.4. Broken Damper Bar Fault12.5. SummaryChapter 13 Vibration Monitoring13.1. Introduction13.2. Condition Monitoring Using Vibration13.3. Vibration in Salient-Pole Synchronous Generators13.4. Introduction to Utilized Terms in Vibration Analysis13.5. Force and Vibration Analysis13.6. SummaryChapter 14 Application of Machine Learning in Fault Detection14.1. Introduction14.2. Supervised Learning14.3. Ensemble Learners14.4. Logistic Regression14.5. K-Nearest Neighbors14.6. Support Vector Machine14.7. Decision Tree Learning14.8. Random Forest 1214.9. Boosted Trees14.10. Gradient Boost Decision Trees14.11. Artificial Neural Network14.12. Other Artificial Neural Networks14.13. Real Case Application14.14. SummaryChapter 15 Insulation Defect Monitoring15.1. Introduction15.2. History and Advantages of Using Partial Discharge Techniques15.3. Electrical Machine Fault Generation Factors15.4. Rotating Machine Insulation System15.5 PD Types in Rotating Machines15.6. Risk Assessment of Different Partial Discharge Faults15.7. Frequency Characteristics of Current Pulses15.8. Measurement of PD Signals15.9. Online Measurements of PD in Rotating Electrical Machines15.10. SummaryChapter 16 Noise Rejection Methods and Data Interpretation16.1. Introduction16.2. Noise Rejection in Online Measurement16.3. Noise Sources in Generators16.4. Different Methods for Denoising16.5. Data Interpretation16.6. Separating PD sources16.7. SummaryReferences

O autorze

Hossein Ehya, PhD, is a Research Fellow in the Department of Electrical Power Engineering at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). He has been working on the health monitoring of electric machines since 2010. From 2013 to 2018, he also worked as an electrical machine design engineer who designed over 30 industrial electric machines. Dr. Ehya was the recipient of several innovation awards from NTNU and the Research Council of Norway. His current research activities include the development of an automated health monitoring system for electric aviation and renewable energies.Jawad Faiz, PhD, is Professor at the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Tehran, Iran, where his research interests are the design, modeling and fault diagnosis of electrical machines and transformers. He is a senior member of the IEEE, a Fellow of the Iran Academy of Sciences, and the member of Euro-Med Academy of Sciences and Arts. He has published more than 300 journal papers and presented about the same number of conference papers. He published two books by Springer and IET in the above-mentioned fields. Prof. Faiz was the recipient of several international and national awards for his research activities.