Eicosanoids and Radiation

ISBN-13: 9781461289708 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 196 str.

Peter Polgar

Opis

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Cancer is a multi-volume series that will focus on an emerging area of cancer research. In 1968, R.H. Williams first reported that elevated prostaglandin levels are present in human medullary car cinoma. Since that time, the concept that arachidonic acid metabolites may be in volved in cancer has expanded to include every aspect of the disease from cell transformation through metastasis. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are generic terms used to describe a family of bioactive lipids produced from unsaturated fatty acids (principally from arachidonic acid) via the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, respec tively. Cyclooxygenase products consist of diverse products such as prosta glandin Ez (PGEz), prostacyclin (PGIz) and thromboxane Az (TXAz), whereas lipoxygenase products consist of hydroperoxy fatty acids and mono-, di- and tri-hydroxy acids including leukotrienes. The precursor fatty acids for the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways are present in cellular phospholipids. This finding established an important control point in their biosynthesis-the release of substrate. This occurs in response to numerous stimuli that act at the cell surface. Dr. Bengt Samuelsson's extensive study of the metabolism of pros taglandins indicated that they are rapidly inactivated on a single pass through pulmonary circulation. Thus, they cannot act as circulating hormones and appear to be made on demand in or in the vicinity of target tissues leading to the concept that prostaglandins are local hormones or autocoids.

Spis treści

1. Prostaglandins and Radiation in Cell Culture.- 2. Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Prostaglandin Biosynthesis and Metabolism: Intact Tissue.- 3. Radiation-Induced Alterations in Cyclooxygenase Product Release: An Overview.- 4. Irradiation and Blood Vessel Prostaglandin Metabolism.- 5. Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Eicosanoid Metabolism of Cells in Culture.- 6. Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Eicosanoid Metabolism in Intact Skin.- 7. Protection Against Ionizing Radiation with Eicosanoids.- 8. Protection of Radiation Damage by Eicosanoids-Clinical Studies.- 9. Radiation-Induced Genetic Damage and the Prostaglandin System.- 10. Radiation, Lipid Peroxidation and the Role of Oxygen Radicals in Eicosanoid Metabolism.- 11. Radiobiology of Blood Vessels.- 12. Dermal Damage from Ultraviolet Radiation.