Effective Writing in Psychology: Papers, Posters, and Presentations

ISBN-13: 9781119722885 / Angielski / Miękka / 2020 / 320 str.

Beins, Agatha M.

Spis treści

Preface to the Third Edition xiiPreface to the Second Edition xivPreface to the First Edition xv1 Writing Professionally 1Introduction to Writing in Psychology 1How Does Professional Writing Differ From Other Kinds of Writing? 3Using APA Style 4Making a Credible Argument 5Different Types of Communication 6Effective Communication 8How to Begin 9Part I Organizing and Developing Your Ideas and Writing 112 Formulating Your Ideas 13Identifying Your Focal Question 13Locating Relevant Sources 16Recognizing Multiple Viewpoints 19Ethical Writing 203 Assessing Your Sources 25The Difference Between Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Literature 26The Difference Between Popular and Scholarly Sources 27Evaluating Sources 29Evaluating Internet Sources 314 How to Conduct a Literature Search 39Understanding the Purpose of a Literature Search 39Understanding Library Resources 41Using Article Databases 46Using the internet 48Using Sources to Find Sources 505 How to Read and Summarize a Journal Article 51Understanding Journal Articles 51Overview of the Research--the Abstract 53Identifying the Issues--Introduction Section 53Understanding What Was Done--Method Section 54What Happened--Results Section 56What It Means--Discussion Section 59Where the Ideas Originated--References Section 61Figuring out What It Means 616 Organizing a Paper 63Organization 64Using the Work of Others to Support Your Argument 66Editing and Revising 71Mechanics 737 Elements of Style 75Recognizing the Importance of Grammar and Style 76Choosing Effective Wording 78Using Inclusive and Appropriate Language 81Deciding on the Use of Technical Language 83Avoiding Common Problems 84Verb Forms 86Spelling 88Specific Word Use 888 Communicating Statistics 95Importance of Understanding Statistics 95Why Do We Use Statistics? 96What Point Are You Trying to Make? 97Understanding Your Numbers 99Helping Readers Understand Your Statistics 101Differentiating Results and Interpretations 104Part II Preparing APA-Style Papers 1059 Writing a Thesis or a Term Paper 107Framework for Writing a Term Paper 107Developing Your Idea 108Organizing Your Paper Around the Central Questions 112Finding Different Perspectives About Your Idea 114Developing the Logic of Your Argument 11710 The Introduction Section 121Introducing the Topic 122Different Approaches to Starting the Introduction 122How to Begin 126Reviewing What Others Have Already Done 126Reasons for Reviewing the Literature 127Clarifying Terms in the Research 128Introducing Your Research: Generating a Hypothesis 12911 The Method Section 131Participants and Subjects 132Materials and Apparatus 140Procedure 142Design 14312 The Results Section 145Providing a Good Ending 145Your Hypotheses 146Deciding What to Present 147Reporting Significant and Nonsignificant Results 148Marginally Significant Effects 150APA Style and Presentation of Your Results 151Creating Tables 154Creating Figures 159The Connection Between the Text and the Tables and Figures 162The Difference Between Results and Discussion Sections 164Some Final Points About Presenting Results 16713 The Discussion Section 169Summarizing Your Results 170Connecting Different Aspects of Your Results 171Dealing With Nonsignificant Results 172Comparing Your Results With Those of Others 173State the Importance and Implications of Your Results 174Acknowledging the Limitations of Your Study 17514 References: Citations in the Text and the Reference List 177Purpose of the References Section 177Citing References in the Text 178Order of Citations in the Reference List 181Using Your Word Processing Program to Create the Citation 182Examples of How Different Types of References Should Be Laid Out in a Reference List 183Examples of Different Types of Citations in the Reference List 188References Involving Books 190Presentations 19215 Final Touches: The Abstract and Formatting Details 195The Abstract 196Formatting Details 197Part III Communicating Beyond the Research Paper 22116 Creating Poster Presentations 223Differentiating Visual and Written Communication 224Reducing the Amount of Information 224Visual Style 225Your Behavior: The Ethic of a Poster Session 228Creating Your Poster Using PowerPoint 23017 Giving Oral Presentations 237The Difference Between Oral and Written English 237Adapting APA Style to Oral Presentations 242Preparing for Your Talk 242Creating Graphics for Your Presentation 244Giving the Presentation 24518 Presenting Your Work on the Internet 247New Capabilities with Internet Publication 248Using a Word Processor to Create Manuscripts for the Internet 249Advantages of Internet Publishing Software 252Publishing Your Poster on the Web 254Uploading Your Manuscript to the Internet 25419 Submitting Your Plan to an Ethics Committee 255Ethical Standards in Research 256Writing a Proposal for an Institutional Review Board for Research With Human Subjects 257Writing a Proposal for the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) for Animal Research 262Appendix A Example of APA-Style Manuscript with Common Errors 265Appendix B Corrected APA-Style Manuscript 273References 283Author Index 295Subject Index 298

O autorze

Bernard C. Beins is Professor of Psychology at Ithaca College. He has received the Charles L. Brewer Distinguished Teaching Award from the American Psychological Foundation. He was President of the Society for the Teaching of Psychology, the Eastern Psychological Association, and the New England Psychological Association. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, the Association for Psychological Science, the New England Psychological Association, and the Eastern Psychological Association.Agatha M. Beins is Associate Professor in Multicultural Women's and Gender Studies at Texas Woman's University. She is editor of the online open-access journal Films for the Feminist Classroom and coeditor of the anthology Women's Studies for the Future: Foundations, Interrogations, Politics.