Contents: L. Idol, B.F. Jones, Introduction. M. Kennedy, M.B. Fisher, R.H. Ennis, Critical Thinking: Literature Review and Needed Research. J.F. O'Flahavan, R.J. Tierney, Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking. L. Idol, B.F. Jones, R.E. Mayer, Classroom Instruction: The Teaching of Thinking. A. Collins, Cognitive Apprenticeship and Instructional Technology. R. Feuerstein, Y. Rand, M.B. Hoffman, M. Egozi, N.B. Shachar- Segev, Intervention Programs for Retarded Performers: Goals, Means, and Expected Outcomes. R.L. Linn, Dimensions of Thinking: Implications for Testing. R. Barr, C.S. Anderson, Grouping Students for Instruction in Elementary Schools. R. Ames, C. Ames, Motivation and Effective Teaching. R.L. Allington, How Policy and Regulation Influence Instruction for At-Risk Learners, or Why Poor Readers Rarely Comprehend Well and Probably Never Will. W.G. Secada, Student Diversity and Mathematics Education Reform. J.L. Green, R.M. Kantor, T. Rogers, Exploring the Complexity of Language and Learning in Classroom Contexts. S. Florio-Ruane, Instructional Conversations in Learning to Write and Learning to Teach. D.U. Levine, E.J. Cooper, The Change Process and Its Implications in Teaching Thinking. R.J. Marzano, Creating an Educational Paradigm Centered on Learning Through Teacher-Directed, Naturalistic Inquiry. L. Idol, B.F. Jones, Epilogue.