1. Mountain birds and their habitats Dan Chamberlain, Aleksi Lehikoinen, Davide Scridel and Kathy Martin; 2. Avian adaptations to high mountain habitats: solving the challenges of living in alpine ecosystems Kathy Martin, Devin R. de Zwaan, Davide Scridel and Tomás A. Altamirano; 3. Global bird communities of alpine and nival habitats Devin R. de Zwaan, Arnaud G. Barras, Tomás A. Altamirano, Addisu Asefa, Pranav Gokhale, R. Suresh Kumar, Shaobin Li, Ruey-shing Lin, C. Steven Sevillano-Ríos, Kerry A. Weston and Davide Scridel; 4. Birds of treeline ecotones Dan Chamberlain, Evgeniya Melikhova, Susanne Jähnig and C. Steven Sevillano-Ríos; 5. Population trends of mountain birds in Europe and North America Aleksi Lehikoinen, Åke Lindström, John Calladine, Tommaso Campedelli, William V. DeLuca, Virginia Escandell, Jiří Flousek, Sergi Herrando, Frédéric Jiguet, John Atle Kålås, Romain Lorrilliere, Timothy D. Meehan, Ingar Jostein Øien, Clara Pladevall, Brett K. Sandercock, Thomas Sattler, Benjamin Seaman, Laura Silva, Hans Schmid, Norbert Teufelbauer and Sven Trautmann; 6. Climate change impacts on mountain birds James W. Pearce-Higgins and Kathy Martin; 7. Anthropogenic activities and mountain birds Enrico Caprio, Antonio Rolando, Raphaël Arlettaz and Dan Chamberlain; 8. Modelling large-scale patterns in mountain bird diversity and distributions Mattia Brambilla, Matthew G. Betts, Ute Bradter, Hankyu Kim, Paola Laiolo and Thomas Sattler; 9. The alpine avifauna of tropical mountains Jon Fjeldså, Jesper Sonne and Carsten Rahbek; 10. Priorities for information, research and conservation of birds in high mountains Kathy Martin, Dan Chamberlain and Aleksi Lehikoinen; Bird species index; Subject index.