Ecological Risk Assessment of Contaminants in Soil

ISBN-13: 9780412759000 / Angielski / Twarda / 1997 / 333 str.

Hans Lokke; Nico Van Straalen; Hans Lxkke

Opis

Many industrialized and developing countries are faced with the assessment of potential risks associated with contaminated land. A variety of human activities have left their impacts on soils in the form of elevated and locally high concentrations of potential toxicants. In several cases sources have not yet been stopped and contamination continues. Decisions on the management of contaminated sites and on the regulation of chemicals in the terrestrial environment require information on the extent to which toxicants adversely affect the life support function of soils. Ecological insights into the soil as an ecosystem may support such decisions. This book reviews the latest ecological principles that should be considered in this respect.

Recenzje

`This text will be a valuable reference for those in this field of research, and its sponsors.'
Biologist

Spis treści

Preface. Acknowledgements. Introduction. 1. Ecological approaches in soil ecotoxicology; N.M. van Straalen, H. Løkke. Part One: Extrapolation from experiments. 2. Scientific basis for extrapolating results from soil ecotoxicity tests to field conditions and the use of bioassays; C.A.M. van Gestel. 3. Is it possible to develop microbial test systems to evaluate pollution effects on soil nutrient cycling? J. Dighton. Part Two: Populations in soil. 4. Ecotoxicology, biodiversity and the species concept with special reference to springtails (Insecta: Collembola); S.P. Hopkin. 5. Effects of toxicants on population and community parameters in field conditions, and their potential use in the validation of risk assessment methods; L. Posthuma. Part Three: The soil as an ecosystem. 6. Linking structure and function in marine sedimentary and terrestrial soil ecosystems: implications for extrapolation from the laboratory to the field; T.L. Forbes, L.K. Kure. 7. A food-web approach to assess the effects of disturbance on ecosystem structure, function and stability; J.C. Moore, P.C. de Ruiter. Part Four: The spatial component of soil communities. 8. Scale dependency in the ecological risks posed by pollutants: is there a role for ecological theory in risk assessment? P.C. Jepson. 9. Dispersal, heterogeneity, and resistance challenging soil quality assessment; G. Bengtsson. Part Five: The role of ecological modelling. 10. The use of models in ecological risk assessment; J. van Wensem. 11. A physiologically driven mathematical simulation model as a tool for extension of results from laboratory tests to ecosystem effects; J.Aagaard Axelsen. Part Six: Ecological approaches: case studies. 12. Extrapolation of laboratory toxicity results to the field: a case study using the OECD artificial soil earthworm toxicity test; D.J. Spurgeon. 13. Life table study with the springtail Folsomia candida (Willem) exposed to cadmium, chlorpyrifos and triphenyltin hydroxide; T. Crommentuijn, C.J.A.M. Doodeman, A. Doornekamp, C.A.M. van Gestel. 14. Reaction norms for life-history traits as the basis for the evaluation of critical effect levels of toxicants; J.E. Kammenga, G.W. Korthals, T. Bongers, J. Bakker. 15. Estimating fitness costs of pollution in iteroparous invertebrates; R. Laskowski. Part Seven: Recommendations. 16. Soil ecotoxicology: still new ways to explore or just paving the road? H. Eijsackers. Index.