Born 1975; Professor of Islamic Doctrine at the Centre for Islamic Theology, University of Tübingen (Germany).
Born 1965; 2000 PhD in Islamic studies from the Istituto Orientale in Naples; taught Islamic studies and Arabic literature at La Sapienza (Rome) and L'Orientale (Naples) Universities; currently Professor of Arabic Language and Literature at the University of Salento (Lecce, Italy).